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Inflammation and Infection
Published in Manoj Ramachandran, Tom Nunn, Basic Orthopaedic Sciences, 2018
Vikas Khanduja, Sertazniel Singhkang, Manoj Ramachandran
The basis of skin tests is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. The two commonly employed tests are the Heaf test and the Mantoux test. Both tests involve exposing the patient’s skin to purified protein derivative. A positive response includes the formation of papules on the skin after a designated number of hours. A positive response implies an active infection or previous bacillus Calmette–Guèrin (BCG) vaccination.
Tests and procedures
Published in Sarah Bekaert, Women's Health, 2018
The Heaf test is a diagnostic skin test performed in order to determine whether or not a person has been exposed to tuberculosis. It is used in the UK to determine whether the BCG vaccine is needed (BCG stands for bacille Calmette-Guèrin, after the scientists who developed the vaccine). Patients who exhibit a negative reaction may be offered BCG vaccination.
Practice Paper 2: Answers
Published in Anthony B. Starr, Hiruni Jayasena, David Capewell, Saran Shantikumar, Get ahead! Medicine, 2016
Anthony B. Starr, Hiruni Jayasena, David Capewell
The diagnosis of TB can be made by sputum staining (using Ziehl–Neelsen stain) and culture (on Lowenstein–Jensen media; this can take up to 6 weeks). The bacille Calmette–Guérin vaccine is made of attenuated M. bovis and provides some protection. Skin tuberculin testing can be used to screen for TB. There are two types: the Heaf test (a multipuncture method that is read after 5 days and is positive if there is ring-shaped induration) and the Mantoux test (an intradermal tuberculin injection that is read at 3 days and is positive when induration is >5 mm). False negatives to tuberculin screening are seen with severe TB, HIV, malnutrition, malignancy and sarcoidosis, and in people taking immunosuppressants.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of secukinumab for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis: a Canadian perspective
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2018
Ron Goeree, Sima Chiva-Razavi, Praveen Gunda, Christopher N. Graham, LaStella Miles, Efthalia Nikoglou, Steffen M. Jugl, Dafna D. Gladman
The laboratory tests included full blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, liver function test, urea and electrolytes test, chest radiograph, tuberculosis Heaf test, anti-nuclear antibodies, and DNA double-stranded test (Supplementary material, Table S4).