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Angiogenesis and Roles of Adhesion Molecules in Psoriatic Disease
Published in Siba P. Raychaudhuri, Smriti K. Raychaudhuri, Debasis Bagchi, Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis, 2017
Asmita Hazra, Saptarshi Mandal
The IL8 receptors include CXCR1 and CXCR2, both GPCRs, and the Duffy antigen receptor for cytokines (DARC), another GPCR-like 7TM protein that is mostly endocytic for CXC and CC chemokines but is not G-protein coupled at the cytosolic end. The pro-angiogenic activity of IL8 occurs predominantly through CXCR2, which is common to other CXC chemokines, but CXCR1 also has some angiogenic action and is unique to IL8 and possibly GCP2 (CXCL6).
Circulating biomarkers of response to immunotherapy and immune-related adverse events
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
Zachary Garrison, Noah Hornick, Jeffrey Cheng, Rajan P. Kulkarni
CXCL5 is a member of a family of angiogenic chemokines that include CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL6, CXCL7, and CXCL8. It has long been studied for its role in inflammation and cancer development [80]. More recently, CXCL5 has been identified as a biomarker of TH-17 cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and pemphigus vulgaris [81–83]. This influence on inflammation has also been observed to extend to immune therapy-induced irAEs. A study of advanced melanoma patients on nivolumab identified changes to CXCL5 levels for several types of inflammatory related irAEs including hypophisitis, thyroid dysfunction, adrenal insufficiency, psoriasiform dermatitis, interstitial pneumonia, hepatitis, radiation dermatitis, rheumarthritis, biliary tract disorder, and bursitis, though they did not find a significant trend in their limited sample size [84]. This relationship was also correlated with serum levels of CD163 expressing macrophages. CD163, a receptor found on monocytes [85,86], is linked to CXCL5 via their shared presence on tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). TAM production of CXCL5 [87] is the most rational explanation for the parallel correlation of CXCL5/CD163 and irAEs. CD163+ macrophages are a key component of tumor infiltrating immune cells that produce chemokines associated with cancer development and inflammation [88]. They have already been identified as a marker of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, pemphigus vulgaris, and bullous pemphigoid [85].
Age-associated Ligand-receptor Interactions Imputed from Nasopharyngeal Transcriptomes of COVID-19 Patients
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
A recent study of immune cell composition in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid has shown increased expression of pro-inflammatory immune cells expressing more CCR1 and CXCR2 receptors in severe COVID-19 cases (Liao et al. 2020). Indeed, the present study has also shown increased interactions with these receptors in older patients between the NP-M interactions (Figure 1A). Interactions with these receptors were also increased within the microenvironment (M-M) in older patients (Figure 2A). CXCR2 signaling is also a chemokine axis that regulates neutrophil release form the bone marrow (Eash et al. 2010). This is further supported by the increased relative proportions of neutrophils in older patients suggested from computational gene expression deconvolution (Figure 3). Furthermore, CXCL1 and CXCL6 ligands were also shown to be involved in these interactions. CXCL1 secretion has been associated with pro-inflammatory immune cell infiltration (Susek et al. 2018). Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) interaction with amyloid precursor protein (APP) was also higher in older patients and is implicated in regulating the activation of inflammatory cells (Park et al. 2019). Some notable M-M interactions included SELL receptor interactions with complement factor H (CFH), PODXL2, and CD34, which were decreased relative to the younger patient cohort (Figure 2A). CFH participates in regulation of complement activation (Rodríguez de Córdoba et al. 2004).
Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through miR-1322/CCL20 axis and M2 polarization
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Chaochao Xu, Lina Fan, Yifeng Lin, Weiyi Shen, Yadong Qi, Ying Zhang, Zhehang Chen, Lan Wang, Yanqin Long, Tongyao Hou, Jianmin Si, Shujie Chen
Previous research has shown that miR-1322 can regulate ECRG2 and is a potential diagnostic biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.40 In addition, Circ-HOMER1 enhances the inhibition of miR-1322 on CXCL6 to regulate the growth and aggressiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma.41 We used a public prediction database to confirm that miR-1322 directly regulated CCL20 expression. Our results showed that the expression of miR-1322 was decreased in CRC patients, and F. nucleatum regulated the expression of CCL20 via miR-1322. However, the potential role of miR-1322 in CRC remains poorly understood; it will be of great interest to establish the biological importance of miR-1322. NF-κB, an important transcription factor, participates in inflammation-associated CRC. Studies have confirmed that F. nucleatum infection activates the NF-κB pathway to regulate miR21/RASA1 in CRC.23 Therefore, we tested whether the activated NF-κB pathway was involved in the regulation of miR-1322/CCL20. Through KEGG and GSEA analyses based on our RNA-seq profiles, we found that F. nucleatum regulated miR-1322/CCL20 through the NF-κB pathway.