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Atypical Teratoid / Rhabdoid Tumors – AT/RT
Published in David A. Walker, Giorgio Perilongo, Roger E. Taylor, Ian F. Pollack, Brain and Spinal Tumors of Childhood, 2020
Michael C. Frühwald, Jaclyn A. Biegel, Susan N. Chi
Immunotherapy is an attractive tool in tumors with resistance to conventional drugs and may be of value in difficult-to-treat solid tumors. Employing dendritic cell vaccination van Gool et al. demonstrated the feasibility and safety of antitumor immunotherapy in young children with AT/RT. Three of 7 patients survived with a follow-up of 143, 138, and 46 months. One long-term survivor was vaccinated during primary treatment, the other two after first or second relapse/progression. Two patients showed positive CD8(+) T-cell responses after vaccination.120
Cytokines, Apoptosis, and Immune Therapy in HIV Infection
Published in Thomas F. Kresina, Immune Modulating Agents, 2020
Jerôme Estaquier, Jean-Claude Ameisen
Taken together, these data suggest that abnormal priming of CD4 and CD8 T cells for programmed death occurs in HIV-l-infected humans and may be due to different processes. On one hand, CD4 T cell death appears closely related to AIDS pathogenesis, whereas CD8 T cell death may be an indirect consequence of immune stimulation. CD8 T cell priming may occur during both pathogenic and nonpathogenic lentiviral infections. A pattern of similar abnormal in vitro programmed T cell death restricted to the CD8 T cells of HIV-infected individuals who are characterized as long-term nonprogressors or long-term survivors has been observed (Estaquier et al., unpublished observation).
Tissue Grafting Techniques
Published in Vineet Relhan, Vijay Kumar Garg, Sneha Ghunawat, Khushbu Mahajan, Comprehensive Textbook on Vitiligo, 2020
Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit T-cell proliferation and induce T-cell apoptosis [21]. Studies have shown that dermal mesenchymal stem cells modulate the infiltration of perilesional CD8+ T-cells [22]. They inhibit CD8+ T-cell proliferation, induce their apoptosis, and regulate their cytokine/chemokine production. Thus they improve efficacy of transplantation in patients undergoing noncultured/cultured autologous melanocyte transplantation.
AE37: a HER2-targeted vaccine for the prevention of breast cancer recurrence
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2021
Patrick M. McCarthy, G. Travis Clifton, Timothy J. Vreeland, Alexandra M. Adams, Anne E. O’Shea, George E. Peoples
This trial also demonstrated specific increases in both CD4+ and CD8+ cell lines, both of which were sustained in most patients 6 months after completion of vaccination. Despite AE37 using an MHC II-restricted epitope, CD8 + T cells increased significantly in response to AE37 and AE36. This was concurrent with a reduction in Treg cells (CD4+ CD25+, CD127-) that did not reach statistical significance, as well as a decrease in TGF-β levels 6 months after completion of vaccination when compared to pre-vaccination levels (9.34 ng/mL vs 7.49 ng/mL, p < 0.05). At 6 months post-vaccination, TGF-β levels were correlated with corresponding changes in Tregs. This ability to indirectly elicit a CD8 + T cell response while decreasing Treg again demonstrates the ability of the AE37 vaccine to elicit an effective helper T cell response.
CD19-targeting fusion protein combined with PD1 antibody enhances anti-tumor immunity in mouse models
Published in OncoImmunology, 2020
Zhuangwei Lv, Ping Zhang, Dandan Li, Mengting Qin, Longzhu Nie, Xiaoqian Wang, Li Ai, Zhaozu Feng, Woodvine Otieno Odhiambo, Yunfeng Ma, Yanhong Ji
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer globally, which threatens women’s health.1 Common therapies for breast cancer management include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.2,3 Immunotherapy is a new treatment for breast cancer, inducing the body’s immune system to fight cancer.4,5 The Her2/neu (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) gene encodes an epidermal growth factor receptor-(EGFR)-related tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in 20–25% of invasive breast cancers. As such, Her2 has become an important therapeutic target in breast cancer.6 Herceptin, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the extracellular domain (ECD) of the Her2 protein is widely used in oncology for Her2+ patient care.7 However, the objective response rates to Herceptin monotherapy are low, with a median duration of 9 months. Therefore, overcoming antibody tolerance is critical to improve the survival of patients with Her2-overexpressing tumors.3,8 CD8+ T cell responses were found to be effective against these tumors. Thus, generating sustained and active immune responses to the Her2 protein is essential for this existing approach.9,10
WISP1 is associated to advanced disease, EMT and an inflamed tumor microenvironment in multiple solid tumors
Published in OncoImmunology, 2019
Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau, Sylvie Clairefond, Caleb A. Class, Pierre-Luc Boulay, Pavel Chrobak, Bertrand Allard, Feryel Azzi, Sandra Pommey, Kim-Anh Do, Fred Saad, Dominique Trudel, Marian Young, John Stagg
For the estimation of CD8+ cell density, 10% of all available cores were reviewed by an independent pathologist to confirm that the morphology of the positive was compatible with lymphocytes. Then, CD8+ cells were counted with the VisioMorph software (Visiopharm) in both stromal and epithelial areas in each core. Cells were included in the epithelial compartment if 50% or more of their total surface was included in this area. Otherwise, the cells were considered to be part of the stromal compartment. The percentage of the core occupied by the stroma and the epithelium compartment was estimated for each core. CD8+ cell density was then determined for each compartment (epithelium and stroma) by dividing cell count by the percentage of the core occupied by the compartment. Mean CD8+ cell density of duplicates was calculated and used for analysis.