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Rhinolaryngoscopy for the Allergist
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Jerald W Koepke, William K Dolen
Severe adenoidal hyperplasia or other obstructing lesions of the nasopharynx can cause anterior rhinorrhea, a cardinal feature of rhinitis. Chronic adenoiditis may result in posterior rhinorrhea and halitosis and adenoidal tissue may block the orifice of the Eustachian tube causing chronic otitis media, otalgia and variation in hearing. When obstruction recurs following adenoidectomy, re-examination is indicated.
Paediatric Rhinosinusitis and its Complications
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Hypertrophy and inflammation of the adenoids (adenoiditis) may also present with nasal obstruction and mucus. This tends to be more long-standing, with a suggestive parental history. Again, nasal endoscopy is useful to determine this.
Personalized therapies for the treatment of allergic rhinitis
Published in Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development, 2019
Amelia Licari, Riccardo Castagnoli, Maria Angela Tosca, Gianluigi Marseglia, Giorgio Ciprandi
Rhinitis, a heterogeneous inflammation of the nose, basically presents three major clinical phenotypes: allergic rhinitis, infectious rhinitis, and non-allergic and noninfectious forms, in some cases, partially overlapping [12]. Among chronic rhinitis, with symptoms lasting more than 10 days, allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common form in childhood, with a prevalence between 10% and 20% based on the geographical area of reference [13]. Clinically, AR is characterized by rhinorrhea, itchy nose and/or eyes, sneezing, and nasal congestion/obstruction; all symptoms are present in a variable degree of severity and duration. Also, reduced quality of sleep, fatigue, impaired concentration, and reduced productivity are reported in AR and have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life (QoL) [14]. Moreover, AR is often associated with various upper airway comorbidities, including adenoiditis – mainly in preschool children – and chronic rhinosinusitis [15–19].
Incidence of pediatric tonsillitis, otitis and upper respiratory infectious entities in the pre and post COVID-19 quarantine eras
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2023
Christophe Abi Zeid Daou, Yara Yammine, Anne-Marie Daou, Patrick A.R. Feghali, Wassim Najjar, Randa Barazi
Respiratory viruses play an important role in airway inflammation and up-regulation of inflammatory mediators leading to impaired mucociliary clearance, changes in mucus character and upregulation of cytokines. The mentioned events eventually promote the formation of middle ear effusions, otitis medias, sinusitis, and adenoiditis. In fact, Liu et al. showed a significant decrease in the prevalence of respiratory viruses related to lower respiratory infections after school closure, namely Respiratory Syncytial Viruses, Adenoviruses, Influenza and metapneumoviruses.
Pyelonephritis and bacteremia caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae: case-report of an unusual pathogen
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2021
Louis Nevejan, Truus Goegebuer, Philippe Mast, Ann Lemmens
Some reports demonstrate that H. parainfluenzae has the ability to form biofilms and link this ability to the recurrent or chronic nature of upper respiratory tract infections, including adenoiditis [2]. Since the presence of biofilms also plays a role in urinary tract infections, one could postulate this as an important virulence factor in our patient.