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Order Martellivirales: Bromoviridae
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
Next, Cabral-Miranda et al. (2019) displayed Zika-virus (ZIKV)-derived EDIII fragments on the CuMVTT VLPs and formulated them with DOPS adjuvant. This vaccine was able to induce antibodies efficiently in mice and neutralize the ZIKV without predisposing for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) with Dengue virus (DENV) infections. It was highly important, since ZIKV and DENV are flaviviruses that circulate mostly in the same environmental niche, and avoidance of disease enhancing antibodies is of critical importance (Cabral-Miranda et al. 2019).
Computer-Aided Epitope Identification and Design of Epitope Mimetics
Published in Mesut Karahan, Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Models, 2021
To illustrate the need for such improved precision, consider, for example, the sharing of peptide sequences between the human papillomavirus (HPV) and the human proteome (Kanduc and Shoenfeld 2019), presenting a tangible risk of cross-reactivity and autoimmune reactions. Another example of an undesirable antibody elicitation is the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), caused by certain prospective full-length S protein SARS vaccines, but not present when antibodies are elicited more selectively, toward the receptor-binding domain only (Du et al. 2009). Preventing the elicitation of certain antibodies via a precise selection of epitopes is therefore a worthy goal.
Long-Term Care Pharmacy
Published in William N. Kelly, Pharmacy, 2018
Because of comorbidities, physiological changes, and enhanced drug effects, the elderly experience more medication-related problems (see Chapter 7, “Pharmaceutical Care”) than those in other age groups.7 Investigators have described the prevalence, types, and effects of adverse drug events (ADEs) in patients 65 years old or older taking multiple (five or more) medications.8 Thirty-five percent of patients reported having at least one ADE within the previous year. Various medications were involved, but the ADEs were mostly associated with cardiovascular (33%) and CNS agents (29%).
Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis Secondary to the Inactive COVID-19 Vaccine-CoronaVac
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
The term antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is determining the situation of the heterotypic (non-neutralizing) antibodies or of suboptimal concentrations that were getting worse the disease severity or abnormal immune response after vaccination.24 ADE is a challenging problem in preclinic studies of vaccines. Nevertheless, ADE was not observed in preclinical studies of the CoronaVac, in rhesus macaques.25 So, CoronaVac has nearly 100% efficacy against severe Covid-19 with suggesting a low risk of ADE. Presence of ocular inflammation can also be a part of this altered systemic immune response. Although the immunopathologic side effects are seen at a lower rate in CoronaVac according to the mRNA-based BioNTech-Pfizer vaccines, the severity of the PUK was very excessive and caused serious vision loss in the presented case.
Biologics for dengue prevention: up-to-date
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2023
Adam T Waickman, Krista Newell, Timothy P Endy, Stephen J Thomas
The coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses which confer protection or contribute to pathogenesis following a DENV infection is incompletely understood [24]. As a result, there is concern an imperfect vaccine could induce ADE. Gaps in our understanding of dengue immunology are complicating the process of defining an immune correlate of protection. Adversely impacting the exploration for a correlate of protection is the absence of an animal dengue disease model. Humanized small animal models are being aggressively studied but they do not appear to offer a comprehensive view of in vivo human dengue disease pathology at this time [36,37]. There is also no validated dengue human infection model. Dengue human infection models expose healthy volunteers to mildly attenuated DENVs to produce an uncomplicated and mild dengue disease. These models can then be used to support drug and vaccine development allowing for early looks into clinical benefit before large field trials. There is active progress on developing a dengue human infection model but it remains niche and not mainstream [38–41].
Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment and Vaccine Development
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2022
Alessandra Mallano, Alessandro Ascione, Michela Flego
Finally, another debated issue is the possibility that specific antibodies could induce ADE, both in the case of the natural infection, and of neutralizing mAbs or vaccine-induced responces. It is debatable whether strong NAbs induce ADE in respect to weak NAbs; further research is also needed to determine conditions (affinity, dosage, mechanisms of interaction with the S protein) [54, 91] augmenting the risk for the occurrence of a such pathogenic process increases. This said, various biotechnological strategies are already in place to avoid the onset of this mechanism for mAbs, e.g. the introduction of LALA mutations in Fc region (Figure 2), as performed with CB6 mAb [66]. Obviously, since LALA mutations reduce mAb Fc’s interaction with the Fc receptors on immune cells, one should also take into consideration that ADCC and ADCP will also be reduced, thereby limiting important mAb-mediated mechanisms that may contribute to viral clearance. Therefore, the risks of ADE should be determined accurately by specific testing [91] case by case, before deciding to adopt these protein engineering strategies.