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Gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
There are outpatient monitoring service designed to monitor and record information associated with the major signs of obstetric hypertensive disease (blood pressure determination, weight, sleep/rest documentation, fetal movement count, and urinalysis) (57). Outpatient evaluation includes four times daily automated blood pressure and pulse measurement and daily assessment of weight, fetal kick counts, duration of rest/sleep periods, and proteinuria. Each data element is dated and time coded. Objective and subjective data are then transmitted by phone to a perinatal center daily or immediately (if elevated blood pressure or decreased fetal movements are observed). Patients receive twice weekly antenatal evaluation with nonstress testing and frequent amniotic fluid assessment. Barton and colleagues (57) evaluated the perinatal and maternal outcomes of this outpatient monitoring service in 592 patients with mild gestational hypertension at 24–36 weeks of gestation. The mean pregnancy prolongation was 27.4±3.3 days, whereas the mean antepartum hospitalization for management of similar patients was only 1.7 days. Maternal and perinatal outcome were similar to those reported by investigators using hospitalization for management of similar patients. In a subsequent report, Barton and associates (68) found that a similar program was safe and effective, even in young teenage patients with mild gestational hypertension remote from term.
Evaluation of Autonomic Failure
Published in David Robertson, Italo Biaggioni, Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System, 2019
D) When using an inflatable cuff for blood pressure determination, it is important that the arm is extended horizontally when the subject is in the standing position beeause the hydrostatic effect of the column in the dependent arm may give falsely elevated blood pressure readings (McLeod and Tuck, 1987). A misleading 15:30 heart rate ratio will be produced either if the trace is counted from where the subject completes standing or if this ratio is measured too rigidly (exactly at the 15 and 30 beats) (Dunlap and Pfeifer, 1989). A tilt table should not be used for this test as the biphasic heart rate response to standing is not observed during passive tilting.
Prevention of complications in children in the early postoperative period after surgical treatment of the single ventricle heart
Published in Waldemar Wójcik, Sergii Pavlov, Maksat Kalimoldayev, Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics II, 2019
O.K. Nosovets, V.S. Yakymchuk, V.Y. Kotovskyi, E.M. Bairamov, V.G. Paliy, R. Dzierzak, K. Dassibekov
The study of haemodynamic status included direct measurement of blood pressure, determination of blood oxygen saturation in the cavities of the heart and major vessels, determination of pulmonary and systemic blood flow, calculation of pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance. To assess the development of the pulmonary bed, Nakata’s index was used, which is the ratio of the amount of cross-sectional areas of the right and left pulmonary arteries to the surface area of the body (Jacobs et al. 2008).
Reduced neural baroreflex sensitivity is related to enhanced endothelial function in patients with end-stage liver disease
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2018
Adrienn Sárközi, Domonkos Cseh, Zsuzsanna Gerlei, Márk Kollai
After instrumentation, subjects rested in a supine position for approximately 15 min until HR and blood pressure stabilised. The protocol began with the carotid artery measurements. First carotid artery ultrasonography was carried out and then applanation tonometry was performed for local blood pressure determination. After carotid measurements, ECG and blood pressure were recorded continuously and simultaneously for a 10-min period to determine sponta-neous baroreflex indices. Finally, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured in the brachial artery.