China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Viral Infections
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Management: Erythema infectiosum is generally self-resolving, and there is no specific anti-viral therapy for Parvovirus B19. Therapy is supportive. If patients are experiencing arthralgias, then nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used. Patients with aplastic crises may need red blood cell transfusions depending on anemia severity. For pregnant women, fetal ultrasonography and monitoring are recommended.
Other viral infections
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Following initial incubation and viremia, there is a transient inhibition of erythropoiesis, and reticulocytopenia occurs in the infected host. Similar changes are seen in other blood cell lines to a lesser degree. The bone marrow depression is first seen approximately 7 days after the initial infection and lasts for approximately 7 days. In the host with normal red cell survival or in a non-immunosuppressed state, this bone marrow depression is usually asymptomatic and self-limited. Aplastic crisis is seen particularly in patients with abnormally shortened red blood cell survival, in conditions such as sickle cell anemia, heredity spherocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, thalassemia, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The immunocompromised host may develop bone marrow suppression of all cell lines secondary to an inability to clear the virus.
The Spleen
Published in E. George Elias, CRC Handbook of Surgical Oncology, 2020
This is an inherited disorder of the RBC membranes. It is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. The red cells are small, dense, spheroidal cells that have increased osomatic fragility. Aplastic crisis in the form of fever, chills, abdominal pain, vomiting, jaundice, and tachycardia is one of the most serious complications. Anemia may be severe and be detected early in life, or mild and detected in adulthood. Splenectomy is indicated at the time of the diagnosis in adults. However, in children, splenectomy is performed after the age of four. Patients above age 15 who are undergoing splenectomy should have a complete work-up to rule out cholelithiasis, and the gall-bladder should be checked during the splenectomy. The most serious postoperative complication is infection that may lead to aplastic crisis.
Phenotypic variation in sickle cell disease: the role of beta globin haplotype, alpha thalassemia, and fetal hemoglobin in HbSS
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2022
Traditionally measured in peripheral blood as the percentage of HbF quantitated by alkali denaturation or HPLC is less informative than more direct measurements of the ‘F cells’ or ‘F reticulocytes’ [54] but these indices, although valuable research tools, are not usually available in the clinical setting. The uneven distribution among the red cell population also implies that red cells with low HbF levels are more likely to be destroyed, there being a direct relationship between HbF levels and irreversibly sickled cells [59]. This implies that blood, as sampled from peripheral veins, does not necessarily reflect the output from the bone marrow. In the aplastic crisis, where bone marrow aplasia occurs for 6–8 days, selective destruction of low HbF containing cells leads to a steep rise in overall HbF levels [60], and although this may be an extreme example, a similar effect could occur in other clinical complications. Analysis of the relevance of HbF levels to clinical complications should therefore be confined to HbF estimates during the steady state. Non-steady state conditions linked to increases in HbF include pregnancy [61], medroxy-progesterone acetate [62], and the use of hydroxyurea [63,64].
Distribution of sickle cell disease and assessment of risk factors based on transcranial Doppler values in the Gulf region
Published in Hematology, 2020
Yasser Wali, Vishwanatha Kini, Mohamed A. Yassin
The most common type of the first presentation (related to the history of SCD) was VOC (237 [57.8%]), followed by anemia (98 [23.9%]). VOC with anemia was reported in an additional 10 patients (2.4%), while 12 patients (2.9%) were asymptomatic. Of the 410 patients with SCD, 59 (14.4%) did not report any VOC, and 346 (84.4%) reported having a VOC at least once in the past 3 years (Figure 2A). Other clinical manifestations of SCD were reported in 222 patients (54.1%) within the past 3 years. The most common clinical manifestations (> 25%) included splenic sequestration crisis (40.5%), acute chest syndrome (33.3%), and hemolytic crisis (25.2%). Aplastic crisis was reported in 3.6% (8 of 222) of patients, stroke was reported in 1.8% (4 of 222), and silent stroke in another 1.8% (4 of 222) of patients.
Hb Oslo [β42(CD1)Phe→Ile; HBB: c.127T>A]: A Novel Unstable Hemoglobin Variant Found in a Norwegian Patient
Published in Hemoglobin, 2018
Runa M. Grimholt, Anne Vestli, Petter Urdal, Anne Grete Bechensteen, Bente Fjeld, Bjørn Dalhus, Olav Klingenberg
Parvovirus B19 may cause transient aplastic crises in patients with chronic hemolytic anemia [33]. When our proband was 3 and a half years old, she had a Parvovirus B19-infection and the Hb concentration fell to 4.5 g/dL, and treatment with blood transfusion was required. In addition, on five other occasions, the Hb concentration fell and she received blood transfusions (data not shown). This reflects that the erythrocytes have considerably increased turnover due to the unstable Hb variant.