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Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
James A. Mastrianni, Elizabeth A. Harris
Autoimmune:56Poststreptococcal, associated with antibasal ganglia antibodies.SLE.Nonvasculitic autoimmune inflammatory meningoencephalitis.Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.
Uterine Fibroids and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Published in Botros R.M.B. Rizk, Yakoub Khalaf, Mostafa A. Borahay, Fibroids and Reproduction, 2020
Natasha K. Simula, Mohamed A. Bedaiwy
The approach to RPL varies between centers, but a comprehensive workup usually involves assessment of uterine anatomy, as well as endocrine, autoimmune, and cytogenetic factors, as per the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) 2012 guideline on recurrent pregnancy loss [21]. Evaluation for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and thrombophilias is restricted to patients who meet certain special criteria. Despite extensive investigations, approximately 50%–75% of patients will have unexplained RPL [21].
Immunohematology
Published in Gabriel Virella, Medical Immunology, 2019
Gabriel Virella, Armand Glassman
The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is a constellation of clinical findings that are the result of antibodies produced against the phospholipids that are an integral part of the plasma membrane of all cells, including blood cells and blood vessel endothelial cells. These antibodies injure endothelial cells initiating the coagulation cascade that results in consumption of platelets, coagulation factors and hemolysis. Clinical manifestations can include stroke, myocardial infarction, kidney damage, deep vein thrombosis and problems in pregnancy. The antibody can cause a false positive VDRL test due to the cross-reaction with cardiolipin. More recent testing methods look for the presence of antibodies specific beta-2 glycoprotein and lupus anticoagulant. Not all patients with positive antibody testing will have clinical evidence of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Treatment is based on the administration of anticoagulants. Treatment with immunosuppressive drugs has not been proven to be effective.
Acute and subacute oral toxicity of artemisinin-hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets in beagle dogs
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Xiaobo Li, Jianjia Feng, Yueming Yuan, Shouya Zhang, Zhiyong Xu, Qin Xu, Jianping Song, Li Ru, Zheng Yuan, Wanting Wu
Drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL) refers to a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of phospholipids in the kidney, liver, brain, lung, cornea, and other organs after long-term treatment with cationic amphipathic drugs in animals and humans (Breiden and Sandhoff 2019). Its typical pathological features are foamy or vacuolated changes of macrophages or various parenchymal cells under the optical microscope. Hydroxychloroquine has been shown to induce phospholipid accumulation in clinical application and can be used for the treatment of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (Edwards et al. 1997, Espinola et al. 2002, Sperati and Rosenberg 2018). The pathological damage to the liver and kidney caused by DIPL has been observed in the previous subacute toxicity of AH in rats. A similar pathological finding of splenic red pulp vacuolation possibly induced by DIPL also appeared in dogs at the high dose in the present subacute study.
Umbilical cord diameter in the prediction of foetal growth restriction: a cross sectional study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Mariam L. Mohamed, Magda M. Elbeily, Maisara M. Shalaby, Yara H. Khattab, Omima T. Taha
This study was conducted as a cross sectional study with a prospective design in the outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital, after approval of our research ethics committee. We recruited patients at risk for FGR as (a) Maternal age >40 years, (b) Previous small for gestational age baby, (c) Smokers >11 cigarettes per day, (d) Previous stillbirth, (e) Chronic hypertension, (f) cocaine use, (g) daily vigorous exercise, (h) maternal SGA, (i) diabetes with vascular disease, (j) renal impairment, (k) antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, (l) paternal SGA, (m) heavy bleeding similar to menses in the first trimester, (n) preeclampsia, (o) echogenic bowel, (p) unexplained antepartum haemorrhage, (q) low maternal weight gain, (r) BMI < 20 or > 30, and (s) PAPP-A < 0.4 MoM (RCOG 2014), and with sure dates of the last menstrual period to calculate the gestational age. An early ultrasound was done to confirm the gestational age.
Pre-existing medical disorders as risk factors for preeclampsia: an exploratory case-control study
Published in Hypertension in Pregnancy, 2019
Linglan Pan, Zhen Fu, Ping Yin, Dunjin Chen
Preeclampsia complicates 2-8% of pregnancies and remains an important cause of maternal and infant mortality worldwide (1). Pre-existing medical disorders are defined as diseases or medical abnormalities that exist before or at implantation of the embryo. Some pre-existing medical disorders, such as age, pregestational hypertension, chronic renal disease, and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, have a relatively strong effect on the incidence of preeclampsia (2). However, not all pre-existing medical disorders are risk factors for preeclampsia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine which other pre-existing medical disorders are risk factors. We hypothesized that the risk factor spectrum of pre-existing medical disorders might be wider than that previously found for preeclampsia.