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Clinical assessment and management of eating, drinking and swallowing in older people
Published in Rebecca Allwood, Working with Communication and Swallowing Difficulties in Older Adults, 2022
Perhaps the most difficult to distinguish is the more severe age-related swallow changes versus dysphagia due to frailty. However, if there is severe age-related sarcopenia, this in itself is a high risk factor for loss of reserve and frailty, so this would also be a serious concern.
Musculoskeletal health in the community
Published in Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong, The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
More interestingly, genetic technology has also been applied in fall prevention studies recently. Myostatin is reported in many studies that it can be used as a potential biomarker to monitor sarcopenia status in osteoporotic fracture patients in order to prevent subsequent falls (Casati et al., 2019; de Sire et al., 2019; Ryan et al., 2017). Therefore, it is optimistic that preventive drugs targeting the mechanism and biomarkers would be useful and have potentials for the prevention of sarcopenia and its consequences including falls.
Drug-Related Sarcopenia
Published in Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth, Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and strength, associated with aging.1 It affects balance and gait, decreases mobility, reduces muscle endurance, and impairs overall ability to perform tasks of daily living.2 The degree of muscle mass and strength alteration is most commonly due to inactivity, but can also affect those that have been physically active throughout their lives.1 All elderly women and men experience some amount of muscle loss with aging. The prevalence of clinically significant sarcopenia is estimated to be 13% to 24% among men and women aged 65–70 years. More than 50% of adults over 75 have sarcopenia, with higher prevalence among men.
A different outlook to consequences of anemia in older adults
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2023
Ercüment Öztürk, Ahmet Çiğiloğlu, Eyyüp Murat Efendioğlu, Zeynel Abidin Öztürk
Sarcopenia, which occurs with both muscle mass loss and low muscle strength, and/or decreased physical performance, is related to increase of fall risk, disability, hospitalization, and mortality in older adults [12]. Sarcopenia is a consequence of various predisposing factors, such as physiological changes by getting older, deficiency in nutrition, chronic comorbid diseases, and insufficient physical activity [13]. Among the other factors that have been associated with the development of sarcopenia, low Hb levels have value in the prognostic and diagnostic dimensions of this condition [14]. Low Hb levels have been shown to be independently associated with sarcopenia [15], and this condition may lead to a decrease in physical function, fatigue and dyspnea, and a decline in activities of daily living.
The assessment of sarcopenia using psoas muscle thickness per height is not predictive of post-operative complications in IBD
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2021
Omeed Alipour, Vivian Lee, Tapas K. Tejura, Melissa Lee Wilson, Zoe Memel, Jaehoon Cho, Kyle Cologne, Caroline Hwang, Ling Shao
Patients with IBD are at risk for sarcopenia, which may cause a predisposition for adverse clinical outcomes [5–7,20,25]. The specific mechanisms driving sarcopenia are believed to be a multifactorial consequence of prolonged inflammation, malnutrition, and decreased mobility [26]. Proposed mechanisms involve increased circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, and C-reactive protein (CRP) [1]. There is developing evidence that sarcopenia is an independent predictor of post-operative complications in IBD patients [6,7,25]. However there is variability in the definition of sarcopenia in existing studies evaluating its utility as a prognostic factor for surgical outcomes. Specifically, definitions vary with regard to measurement of the total psoas index, mean Hounsfield unit average calculation (HUAC), or the skeletal muscle index (SMI). Even analysis of sarcopenia using the SMI, a widely used method, has significant heterogeneity in the SMI cut-offs used to measure and define sarcopenia [6,25].
Muscle changes after stroke and their impact on recovery: time for a paradigm shift? Review and commentary
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2021
David Beckwée, Nina Lefeber, Ivan Bautmans, Lotte Cuypers, Emma De Keersmaecker, Sylvie De Raedt, Eric Kerckhofs, Guy Nagels, Rose Njemini, Stany Perkisas, Ellen Scheys, Eva Swinnen
Sarcopenia – mainly characterized by an age-related loss of muscle mass, muscle strength or function – was first introduced by Rosenberg in 198814 and is now considered as a disease according to the World Health Organization’s International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (code ICD-10-CM, M62.84).15 The consequences of sarcopenia in older people are serious and life-changing: it has an impact on morbidity, disability, health care costs and mortality.12,17 Nevertheless, this phenomenon has been recognized as a diagnosable and treatable condition in aging adults.12,14 Physical activity is the cornerstone for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.12–19 More specifically, evidence shows a positive and significant effect of muscle strength training on muscle mass,20–24 muscle strength20,21,23–27 and physical performance23,24,28 in older adults.19 In addition, protein supplementation on top of strength training is recommended to further increase muscle mass and strength, in particular for obese persons.