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Equity lessons learned from pharmerging countries
Published in Songül Çınaroğlu, Equity and Healthcare Reform in Developing Economies, 2020
Between 2000 and 2010, the Russian healthcare system recovered in terms of financing, organizational success, and health outcomes. Economic growth between 2000 and 2007 provide resources to better plan healthcare expenditures and improve the quality of healthcare plans. The healthcare system had become more accessible, and demands for informal payments decreased (Popovich et al., 2011). The rise in power of Vladimir Putin strengthened the power of state, including governance of healthcare system. Putin focused on population decline and low birth rates, especially their negative effects on economic development and national security. He defined healthcare as a “priority task” in addressing the demographic crisis. However, Russia’s healthcare system had already been characterized by obstacles and persistent problems (Cook, 2015).
An Interdisciplinary View of Health
Published in Deborah Fish Ragin, Health Psychology, 2017
During the Middle Ages, Rome also experienced a significant loss of population. One reason for the population decline was a successive wave of pandemics, communicable diseases that affected large numbers of people across a geographic region (see Chapter 3, Global Communicable and Chronic Disease). Two pandemics in particular, the first and second plagues of Justinian (541–542 ce and 588 ce, respectively), resulted in the death of millions of inhabitants.
Health in later life
Published in Liam J. Donaldson, Paul D. Rutter, Donaldsons' Essential Public Health, 2017
Liam J. Donaldson, Paul D. Rutter
If projected low fertility rates remain until 2040, the population pyramid will eventually invert, with a wider top compared with the bottom. The number of very old people (aged 80 years and over) will outnumber children younger than five years. Additionally, by 2040 many high-income countries will experience simultaneous population ageing and overall population decline.
Foregrounding Context in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Learning from Older Adults in Puerto Rico
Published in Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 2020
Denise Burnette, Tommy D. Buckley, Humberto E. Fabelo, Mauricio P. Yabar
On the heels of Hurricane Irma, María struck Puerto Rico with deadly force on September 20, 2017. The island’s economy had been in recession for nearly a decade, forcing it into bankruptcy early that year.1On the colonial history of Puerto Rico and its relationship with the U.S., see, for example, Cheatham, 2020a; Malaret (1997) and Soto-Crespo (2009). The poverty rate was 44.4% and older adults were 7 times more likely than younger adults to be poor. Subsequent mass migration of young adults to the mainland had led to 10% population decline, 20% labor force reduction and accelerated population aging (20.7% were 65+ in 2019). Some 4,645 people, mostly older adults and the poor, died in Mariá and its aftermath. Suicides rose 29%–more than doubling for persons aged 65–69 and tripling for those aged 75–79. In the past two years, 51% of all suicides have been for older adults.
Comparative study of dissolved and nanoparticulate Ag effects on the life cycle of an estuarine meiobenthic copepod, Amphiascus tenuiremis
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2018
Mithun Sikder, Emily Eudy, G. Thomas Chandler, Mohammed Baalousha
The microplate culturing approach allows life-cycle tracking of each individual’s survival, development, sex, fertility, and reproductive output (fecundity). These endpoints allow population-level responses to be predicted over time via a life-stage-based adaptation of the LM population growth model (Leslie 1945; Power and Power 1995; Ferson, Ginzburg, and Silvers 1989). LM models also predict finite rates of population increase (λ, instantaneous growth rate) based on same measured stage-specific mortality, sexual development, and reproductive endpoints (Chandler et al. 2004b). A λ of unity implies a population is neither growing nor declining. A value less than unity implies population decline, and greater than unity implies population growth. AgNO3 λs ranged from 0.76 for the highest 75 µg-Ag L−1 treatment to 1.21 for the lowest 20 µg-Ag L−1 treatment. The instantaneous growth rate for the AgNO3 control population was 1.24, but the 30 and 75 µg Ag L−1 treatment data predicted sharply reduced growth rates (Table 1). In contrast, all PVP-AgNPs copepod populations had λs in strong excess of unity and similar to Ag-free controls. The highest 45 and 75 µg-PVP-AgNPs L−1 treatments showed mildly suppressed λs relative to controls, but both were well-above ‘no-growth’ unity (Table 1).
Yoga-plus exercise mix promotes cognitive, affective, and physical functions in elderly people
Published in Neurological Research, 2019
Nozomi Hishikawa, Yoriko Takahashi, Yusuke Fukui, Ryo Tokuchi, Junichi Furusawa, Mami Takemoto, Kota Sato, Toru Yamashita, Yasuyuki Ohta, Koji Abe
The proportion of elderly people in the population is rapidly increasing, particularly in Asian countries [1]. As this trend continues, societies will age further, with fewer children, population decline, and an increased number of people with dementia [2]. Japan has the most rapidly aging society, and the Japanese government enacted the ‘Asia Health and Human Well-Being Initiative’ to support the establishment of a system to respond to Asia’s rapidly aging population [3]. This policy incorporates Asian traditional medicine, including Chinese herbal medicine, Ayurveda, yoga, and oriental medicine, for the realization of balanced total health care.