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Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
Published in Wilmer W Nichols, Michael F O'Rourke, Elazer R Edelman, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, McDonald's Blood Flow in Arteries, 2022
The effects of aging on the cardiovascular system are discussed in Chapters 4, 9 and 15 and are such as to distort the favorable ventricular–vascular interaction evident in youth. There is with age a progressive increase in aortic PWV and in aortic characteristic impedance such that wave reflection returns early to the heart from the periphery of the body. Ill effects are seen in the time domain as an increase in aortic pressure at the peak of ventricular ejection, with a further rise in pressure to a late systolic peak, and in the frequency domain as an increase in characteristic impedance and in the frequency of modulus minima and phase crossover, such that the impedance modulus is markedly increased at heart rate frequency (i.e the first or fundamental harmonic) for both rest and exercise (see Figure 24.3).
The science of ageing
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
Ageing is a natural physiological process which affects every single cell in the body. One of the most common reasons people seek cosmetic therapies is to give the appearance of reversing (or at least slowing) the outward signs of ageing. True reversal of ageing is not something which, as of yet, can be achieved; however, in skilled hands, its outward effects can be masked. In this chapter, we discuss the hypotheses of how and why we age and ways in which the physical aspects of aging can be minimised.
An Ayurvedic Approach for Healthy Ageing
Published in Goh Cheng Soon, Gerard Bodeker, Kishan Kariippanon, Healthy Ageing in Asia, 2022
Nowadays, the term “premature ageing” is something no one is unaware of. Though the sedentary lifestyle and faulty food habits have comforted our lives to an extent they also have cursed us with the signs of its consequence known as premature ageing where for some individuals the symptoms of ageing are more pronounced and arrive much earlier. The signs of premature skin ageing are sometimes visible and can be very distressing as they are unforeseen. Premature greying of hair, wrinkles over the skin, untimely ailments that were thought to accompany ageing are a few concerns of this big issue. It is a well-known fact that everybody ages, everybody dies, and there is no turning back the clock, but “healthy ageing” is what everyone desires. Holding on to youth and delaying ageing is a universal desire.
Past the tipping point: a qualitative study of the views and experiences of men with haemophilia regarding mobility, balance, and falls
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Stephanie Taylor, Francine Toye, Margaret Donovan-Hall, Karen Barker
Advances in medical care have increased the life expectancy of people with haemophilia [6]. Treatment involves replacing patients’ deficient clotting factors with recombinant factor concentrate. Those who received replacement factor concentrate in the 1980s were exposed to infected blood products containing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C and many did not survive [7]. Today’s safe recombinant factor concentrates allow a near normal life expectancy [8]. With this increase in life expectancy there is an increase in co-morbidities of ageing that affect the general population, which include musculoskeletal degeneration and the associated effect on proprioception and balance [9]. However, little is known about the experience of mobility, balance and falling in the ageing haemophilic population. People with haemophilia tend to develop arthritis at a younger age, due to joint bleeds, and this can have a detrimental effect on balance, increasing the risk of falling [10–13]. The falls rate in haemophilia is greater than that reported in the older general population [14], and is estimated to be between 28 and 50% of those aged 22–85 years [15–19].
Cognitive and behavioral factors associated to probable sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2022
Larissa Franciny de Souza, Laís Coan Fontanela, Camila Gonçalves, Amanda Lena Mendrano, Mariana Alves Freitas, Ana Lúcia Danielewicz, Núbia Carelli Pereira de Avelar
Musculoskeletal changes are observed during aging, and those include reduction in mass, function (Brunet et al., 2004; Larsson et al., 2019) and muscle strength (Distefano & Goodpaster, 2018). These alterations are also present in sarcopenia, which is defined as a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder diagnosed by low muscle strength, according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) (Cruz-Jentoft et al., 2019). This could lead to important consequences in older adult health, such as reduced resting energy expenditure and glucose uptake (Pierine, Nicola, & Oliveira, 2009), increased risk of falls and fractures, functional decline (Cruz-Jentoft et al., 2019; Lang et al., 2010), and higher exposure to frailty risks and hospitalizations (Morley, 2016).
Anti-ageing peptides and proteins for topical applications: a review
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Mengyang Liu, Shuo Chen, Zhiwen Zhang, Hongyu Li, Guiju Sun, Naibo Yin, Jingyuan Wen
Ageing is generally characterized by the cumulative damage of body molecules and the piecemeal collapse of body maintenance and repair (Golubev et al. 2018). Intrinsic (chronological ageing) and extrinsic (pollution and photoaging in the environment) contributors are linked with skin ageing. In the period of chronological ageing, the skin displays a decrease in cell proliferation capacity, which leads to cellular senescence and modifies the biosynthetic activity of the skin cells for the production of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid and overproduction of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes. As a result of intrinsic ageing, the skin may become pale and dry with a loss of elasticity leading to the appearance of fine wrinkles. Occasionally, the skin might also become blemished with a rugged texture. Extrinsic ageing results from environmental factors containing infrared and radiation exposure, ultraviolet (UV) light, and others (Fussell and Kelly 2020). Other factors such as air pollution, smoking, poor or stressful diet may also contribute to ageing. Approximately 80% of facial skin ageing is attributed to sun exposure. Extrinsic ageing leads to the rough skin surface, coarse wrinkling, sallow complexion with mottled pigmentation, and marked loss of skin elasticity (McCabe et al. 2020; Low et al. 2021). Both extrinsic and intrinsic contributors account for the excess deterioration of the dermal extracellular matrix and loss of skin barrier function (Strnadova et al. 2019).