China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The patient with acute gastrointestinal problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Rebecca Maindonald, Adrian Jugdoyal
The stomach sits in the left side of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm. It is divided into four regions: the cardiac, the fundus, the body and the pylorus (see Figure 10.1). The pylorus has two parts, the pyloric antrum connecting to the body of the stomach and the pyloric canal leading into the duodenum. The pyloric sphincter is located at the junction of the stomach and duodenum. The stomach acts as a temporary holding area for food that arrives from the oesophagus.
The gastrointestinal system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Sharon J. White, Francis A. Carey
In congenital pyloric stenosis there is hypertrophy of the circular muscle at the pyloric sphincter, leading to gastric outflow obstruction which presents clinically with projectile vomiting. This condition is about five times more common in males than in females.
The gastrointestinal tract
Published in Simon R. Knowles, Laurie Keefer, Antonina A. Mikocka-Walus, Psychogastroenterology for Adults, 2019
Christopher F.D. Li Wai Suen, Peter De Cruz
Sphincters also occur at various points in the GI tract. These circular muscles act as gateways that regulate the passage of food products. By contracting, they stop the flow of content whereas by relaxing, they allow the passage of contents. The pyloric sphincter (or pylorus), for example, is at the exit end of the stomach and regulates passage of food into the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine connected to the stomach).
Gastroparesis syndromes: emerging drug targets and potential therapeutic opportunities
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2023
Le Yu Naing, Matthew Heckroth, Prateek Mathur, Thomas L Abell
The mainstays of treatment for GpS are dietary modifications, ideally with a nutritional consultation. Diets are modified to enable easier digestion of needed nutrients while minimizing symptoms. In addition to dietary changes are medications, which are the focus of this article. However, there is only one approved medication for Gp in the US (metoclopramide), and it is not recommended for long-term use. Thus, there is a great need for new medications, and this discussion includes not only drugs currently undergoing trials but also ones that might be designed in the future. Other increasingly utilized treatments include modifications of the gastro-duodenal/pyloric sphincter. Bio-electric therapies are also used to treat GpS, and the emerging field of electroceuticals will be discussed below. While many patients can be treated with conservative measures, others are refractory to available therapies, which offer additional options for innovations. Additionally, many therapies for GpS that appear promising in open label trials have yet to be successful in controlled/blinded trials. Complex patients with GpS may need a mutli-disciplinary approach with several therapies. (Figure 2)
Formulation development and evaluation of nifedipine as pylorospasm inhibitor
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Shaheen Sultana, Sushma Talegaonkar, Bhaskar Ray, Harvinder Singh, F. J. Ahmad, Gaurav Mittal, Aseem Bhatnagar
Pylorospasm is pyloric sphincter dysfunction in which sphincter muscles fail to relax normally. The condition is due to spasm of the pyloric ring that closes the pyloric aperture, thereby delaying gastric emptying process, resulting in gastroparetic symptoms [1,2]. It is characteristically observed in diabetic gastroparesis [3], chronic gastritis [4], gastric ulcer [5], duodenal ulcer [6], gastric carcinoma [7], and very often in inhabitants of high altitude areas in excess of 14,000 feet [8]. At high altitude, particularly between 9000 and 13,000 feet, gastroparesis is known to occur in the initial non-acclimatized period in addition to nausea–vomiting, gastritis, loss of appetite, and weight loss. It usually resolves in a few days time. Above 13,000 feet however, there is never complete acclimatization, and chronic hypoxemia probably is the cause of chronic gastroparesis leading to lack of appetite and weight loss.
Behçet’s disease; A rare refractory patient with vena cava superior syndrome treated with infliximab: a case report and review of the literature
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2019
Oguz Abdullah Uyaroglu, Abdulsamet Erden, Levent Kilic, Bora Peynircioğlu, Omer Karadag, Umut Kalyoncu
In the same year, he admitted with complaints of abdominal pain and nausea. He had weight-loss about 6 kg in the last 6 months. His erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 47 mm/h (0–20 mm/h) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level was 4.4 mg/dL (0–0.8 mg/dL). We performed esophagogastroduodenoscopy that revealed alkaline reflux gastritis, pan gastritis and pyloric sphincter dysfunction. Terminal ileum showed a granular pattern and ulcerations covered by faint exudates in colonoscopy. Biopsies from the lesions showed superficial ulcerations and ileitis. We consulted the patient in gastroenterology department. But after this time, the patient did not continue his outpatient visits.