China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Small vessel vasculitis
Published in Biju Vasudevan, Rajesh Verma, Dermatological Emergencies, 2019
Renu George, Ankan Gupta, Aswin M. Nair
Pancreatitis has been reported to be a rare association of HSP in children. In one case it was the presenting feature, manifesting before development of palpable purpura [60]. The other intra-abdominal manifestations include hydrops of the gall bladder and pseudomembranous enterocolitis [61].
The Child With Diarrhoea
Published in Michael B O’Neill, Michelle Mary Mcevoy, Alf J Nicholson, Terence Stephenson, Stephanie Ryan, Diagnosing and Treating Common Problems in Paediatrics, 2017
Michael B O’Neill, Michelle Mary Mcevoy, Alf J Nicholson, Terence Stephenson, Stephanie Ryan
Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea is defined as diarrhoea occurring during or after antibiotic administration for which no other cause of diarrhoea is identified. The exact pathophysiology is unknown; however, it is thought to be related to alterations in normal bowel flora. It is more common in children under 2 years of age and the risk is higher with different antibiotic classes, particularly broad-spectrum antibiotics. Symptoms can range from mild diarrhoea, to colitis to pseudomembranous enterocolitis.
Bacterial Vaginosis
Published in William J. Ledger, Steven S. Witkin, Vulvovaginal Infections, 2017
William J. Ledger, Steven S. Witkin
Fortunately, there is the alternative of using a clindamycin product. None of the clindamycin alternatives seems as effective as the 7-day oral or 5-day vaginal metronidazole regimen. Clindamycin vaginal cream 2% can be used with 5 g applied intravaginally for 7 days.42 Occasionally, patients have a local reaction to the cream, usually due to propylene glycol, a preservative present in this formulation, and the subsequent vaginal burning and increased vaginal discharge is often worse than the original problem. Some of this vaginal clindamycin is absorbed, and rarely patients have developed pseudomembranous enterocolitis after using one of the vaginal products.43 For the patient who does not want to use a vaginal clindamycin product, oral clindamycin can be prescribed 300 mg twice a day for 7 days.42 Alternative regimens include tinidazole 2 g orally once a day for 2 days or tinidazole 1 g orally for 5 days.42 For the patient with an acute episode, most of the regimens work in the short term with an immediate resolution of symptoms. Other problems related to treatment can occur. Patients given oral or vaginal antibiotics can develop a Candida vaginitis. This occurs more commonly with the clindamycin products. When it occurs, it represents another vaginal infection to be treated and is a setback for the patient.
Is it time to reconsider prophylactic antimicrobial use for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation? a narrative review of antimicrobials in stem cell transplantation
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Dilshad Jahan, Ed Peile, Md Arif Sheikh, Salequl Islam, Sharlene Parasnath, Paras Sharma, Katia Iskandar, Sameer Dhingra, Jaykaran Charan, Timothy Craig Hardcastle, Nandeeta Samad, Tajkera Sultana Chowdhury, Siddhartha Dutta, Mainul Haque
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is most at risk for pathological lesions during the pre, post, and peri HSCT period due to the adverse effects of medications used in preparation for transplant (termed conditioning chemotherapy), the associated immunodeficiency from the primary disease, or following chemotherapy or organ damage from infection or GVHD [99,100]. The most critical GI pathologies during marrow transplantations include ‘typhlitis (neutropenic enterocolitis), pseudomembranous enterocolitis, viral enteritis, graft-versus-host disease, benign pneumatosis intestinalis, intestinal thrombotic microangiopathy, and post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease’ [101]. Common pathogens affecting the GI tract in peri-BMT phases include multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Clostridium difficile, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium. Commonly these organisms were vancomycin and imipenem resistant. These pathogens were identified through the surveillance culture method as a pretransplant workup and again as a routine culture after developing symptoms. Norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza and para-influenza virus and CMV were detected by analyzing stool samples and nasal swabs, and the blood polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Most hematology centers check every two-weeks to detect CMV viremia among Allo-HSCT patients (Figure 2) [101–104].
The safety of antimicrobials for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2020
Carla Bastida, Dolors Soy, Antoni Torres
Other adverse events seen in patients receiving macrolide treatment are ototoxicity (hearing loss and tinnitus), headache, pseudomembranous enterocolitis (caused by Clostridium difficile), and hematologic toxicity (e.g. leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, neutropenia, and neutrophilia). In very rare instances, severe allergic reactions including Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis have also been reported [5–8].