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An immigrant from Thailand with a cough
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
Some pretreatment precautions and tests are recommended because of the risk of side-effects from antituberculosis therapy: ethambutol has a toxic effect on the eye. Although this is rare, visual acuity should be assessed using a Snellen chart before commencing treatment, and reassessed during the course of treatment to detect any deterioration as early as possiblean uncommon side-effect of ethambutol is acute renal failure. Urea and electrolytes must be checked before starting treatment. It is also advisable to monitor renal function during antituberculosis treatmentall antituberculosis drugs have the potential to cause hepatitis. Thus, patients should have liver function tests before treatment, and regularly throughout treatment.
Polydrug use: cocktails and combinations, including benzodiazepines, alcohol and cannabis
Published in Berry Beaumont, David Haslam, Care of Drug Users in General Practice, 2021
Abnormal liver function tests are a good indication of heavy drinking but the possibility of hepatitis must also be borne in mind. Gamma glutamyl transferase provides a more specific indicator of alcohol use, while an increased red blood cell mean corpuscular volume (MCV) provides a longer-term marker.
The Liver and the Biliary System
Published in E. George Elias, CRC Handbook of Surgical Oncology, 2020
Liver function tests are very important as they express the status of the rest of the liver and indicate if the patient will be able to tolerate liver resection. In addition, some of the primary liver malignancies give elevated alpha-fetoprotein which can be used as a marker for the follow-up of these patients. Similarly, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) may be elevated in some metastatic tumors especially those that arose from the GI tract.
Systemic lupus erythematosus with hepatic artery aneurysm and large vessel vasculitis
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 2023
I Takazawa, T Komai, M Misaki, M Kono, H Shoda, K Fujio
A 79-year-old-woman was referred to our department with persistent inflammation, malaise, and proteinuria. Laboratory investigation showed elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) [1.07 mg/dL (normal < 0.30 mg/dL)] and urine protein/creatinine ratio [1878.4 mg/g Cr (normal < 149.9 mg/gCr)]. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a dilated vessel with a diameter of 2.8 cm (Figure 1A). Dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) showed early visualization of the dilated vessel in the arterial phase (Figure 1B), in advance of the portal vein phase (Figure 1C), which confirmed the diagnosis of HAA. Liver function tests were normal [aspartate aminotransferase: 21 U/L (normal < 30 U/L); alanine aminotransferase: 20 U/L (normal < 23 U/L); total bilirubin: 0.4 mg/dL (normal < 1.5 mg/dL)]. [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) showed enhanced uptake in the lining of the ascending and descending aorta (Figure 1D), which indicated LVV. Further investigation of elevated anti-double stranded DNA antibody [202.7 IU/mL (normal < 15 IU/L)], low complementemia [C3: 54 mg/dL (normal > 73 mg/dL); C4: 10 mg/dL (normal > 11 mg/dL); CH50: 29.2 mg/dL (normal > 31.6 mg/dL)], and biopsy-proven active class III lupus nephritis confirmed the diagnosis of SLE.
How do we treat psoriasis patients with hepatitis C infections in real-world situations? A retrospective analysis of 34 patients
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Leena Chularojanamontri, Supot Nimanong, Chanisada Wongpraparut, Narumol Silpa-Archa, Chayada Chaiyabutr, Norramon Charoenpipatsin
The HCV viral load was evaluated using an HCV-RNA-polymerase chain reaction assay at baseline, which was subsequently reevaluated at a follow-up, as suggested by hepatologists. Liver function tests were serologically evaluated every 3–6 months. A sustained virologic response was defined by the ability to sustain an undetectable viral load for 6 months after completion of the HCV therapy. Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma were diagnosed by hepatologists. Imaging modalities (such as ultrasound, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging) were performed to detect morphological changes in the liver. Transient elastography was used to measure liver stiffness and elasticity; a value ≥12 kilopascals indicated advanced liver cirrhosis, which could avoid obtaining an unnecessary liver biopsy (10). A biopsy was carried out in some patients.
Safety evaluation of long-term temperature controlled whole-body thermal treatment in female Aachen minipig
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Marcia Weber Carneiro, Luigi Brancato, Britta Wylleman, Eke van Zwol, Liesbet Conings, Peter Vueghs, Ivana Gorbaslieva, Johan Van den Bossche, Oleg Rudenko, Michel Janicot, John-Paul Bogers
Liver function tests, also known as liver chemistry, help determine the health of the liver by measuring the blood levels of liver enzymes (amongst others). Detection of liver enzymes in the blood is often part of an initial screening for liver disease[44], in addition the surgical transient implantation of liver temperature sensors pushed us to carefully monitor liver functions. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are both normally found inside liver cells. However, when the liver is damaged or inflamed, ALT/AST can be released into the bloodstream, causing serum levels to rise. The liver function test demonstrated a delayed and limited increase (up to 3-fold) in both AST and ALT serum levels suggesting transient and mild stress liver response to WBTT (Figure 6).