China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Chronic Liver Disease
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Julia M. Boster, Kelly A. Klaczkiewicz, Shikha S. Sundaram
Total protein, albumin, and pre-albumin have limited utility in reflecting overall protein and nutrition status in the setting of abnormal synthetic liver function. Anthropometric measurements provide a more reliable means of monitoring overall protein-energy status. Children with cholestasis should be monitored for fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies every 1–3 months (Table 18.2). Patients with an identified deficiency will require supplementation and monthly monitoring to assure adequate and timely dose adjustments. Once vitamin deficiencies resolve, monitoring can be spaced to every 3–6 months.
Gastroenterology
Published in Kristen Davies, Shadaba Ahmed, Core Conditions for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2020
Often asymptomatic until there are complications of liver disease. Patients may have vague symptoms such as fatigue, nausea and weight loss. In advanced disease with derangement of liver function, symptoms include: Oedema (↓ albumin)Bruising (↓ clotting)Oesophageal varices + ascites + internal haemorrhoids (portal hypertension)
DRCOG MCQs for Circuit A Questions
Published in Una F. Coales, DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
Contraindications to oestrogen replacement therapy include: Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding.Chronic impaired liver function.Migrainous headaches.Pre-existing seizures.Endometrial cancer.
Schisandra chinensis essential oil attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injury through alleviating oxidative stress and activating autophagy
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Jing Zhao, Kaixin Ding, Manting Hou, Yuanhua Li, Xiaorong Hou, Wenzhang Dai, Zhiyong Li, Jun Zhao, Wenlong Liu, Zhaofang Bai
APAP is used worldwide to alleviate pain and fever as an accessible over-the-counter (OTC) drug (Dkhil et al. 2019). In general, APAP has few side effects with therapeutic doses. However, overdose can cause acute liver injury as the most common cause of ALI, resulting in various complications, including inflammation and oxidative stress (Bunchorntavakul and Reddy 2018; McCrae et al. 2018). In this study, we established an acute liver injury model via injection of APAP overdose (300 mg/kg), which is evidence of an increase in serum liver function indicators and histological changes in hepatic tissue. AST and ALT, as two significant markers of liver function in serum, played a monitored role in assessing liver injury, and an increase in these indicators characterised a varying degree of hepatotoxicity, hepatocyte necrosis, or enhancement of permeability of their membranes (Ozer et al. 2008). Injection of APAP produced a significant increase in the activities of AST and ALT, and SCEO pre-treatment significantly inhibited the levels of ALT and AST, which were enhanced by APAP. Our results are supported by histopathological observations that showed obvious circumferential pericentral hepatitis, cytoplasmic vacuolisation, and lymphocyte infiltration, whereas SCEO pre-treatment produced a beneficial protective effect in alleviating ALI. The hepatoprotective effect of SCEO demonstrated that SCEO can maintain hepatic homeostasis and inhibit the release of liver enzymes.
Isotretinoin for acne vulgaris – an update on adverse effects and laboratory monitoring
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Haady Fallah, Marius Rademaker
In the aforementioned retrospective study of 704 patients, abnormal liver function was observed in 7.2% of patients and all were Grade 1 (93). Alterations of liver function (recovery or increase) were not related to dose increase or decrease (p = .57) (93). In the cohort study by Barbierie and colleagues, Grade 3 abnormalities of liver function tests occurred in less than 0.5% of patients and were not more common than baseline; there were no Grade 4 abnormalities (94). In another large retrospective cohort study of 13,772 patients, the cumulative incidence of new transaminase abnormalities during the treatment period was 11%, with 1% being grade 2 or higher (95). Moderate to severe abnormalities were generally transient and reversible. Elevations of AST and ALT are commonly accompanied by elevations in creatine kinase, indicating that a muscle cause for these elevations is sometimes responsible, rather than true liver toxicity (96). The ingestion of concurrent dietary supplements may also be an important cause of transaminitis (97). In our experience, mild elevations of transaminases (<3 times the upper limit of normal) are often transient and do not usually necessitate interruption of isotretinoin treatment. However, in such instances, more frequent monitoring of liver function tests may be warranted and consideration should be given to other factors that may be contributing to the transaminitis such as muscular causes (including strenuous activity), other medications or supplements, and viral illnesses.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrion-targeted therapeutics in liver diseases
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2021
Li Xiang, Yaru Shao, Yuping Chen
Well-being mitochondria warrant cell, tissue and organ to carry out energy and matter metabolism so its dysfunction associates with aetiologies of human diseases including metabolic syndrome and cancer [3]. Liver function is closely related to the mitochondrial vigour of liver cells, especially of hepatocytes which bear the most of liver responsibility. Mitochondrial metabolic and functional abnormalities and its initiated apoptosis play important roles in the occurrence and development of liver diseases from fatty liver to HCC [4]. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity, membrane composition, redoxidation balance and metabolic supply and demand all affect their function and structure. To maintain their own health, mitochondria incite mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanism to prevent further injury to cells, including fission and fusion, mitophagy and biogenesis, etc. [5]. Agents correcting mitochondrial abnormalities, particularly targeting the MQC system, have thus been shown to serve as therapeutic options for liver diseases.