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Infantile Colic
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Probiotics:Lactobacillus reuteri was found to relieve colic symptoms in breastfed infants within one week of treatment.3,4 In a more recent study, 50 exclusively breastfed colicky infants were randomly assigned to receive either L. reuteri or a placebo daily for 21 days.5 A 50% reduction in crying time from baseline was noted in the L. reuteri group compared with the placebo group on day seven. The study concluded that L. reuteri at a dose of 108 colony-forming units per day improved symptoms of infantile colic and was well-tolerated and safe.
Innate and Adaptive Immune Dysfunction and Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Published in David J. Hackam, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, 2021
Paula Osterhout, Christina S. Kim, Erika C. Claud
Probiotics have also shown protection against NEC through effects on the immune system. Both live and heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) improve intestinal barrier function through up-regulation of Claudin-3 (76). Lactobacillus reuteri has been shown to decrease TLR4 expression and NF-κB activation (77). Bifidobacterium bifidum normalizes MUC3 expression and preserves TJs (78). Conditioned media (CM) containing secreted bacterial products from either Lactobacillus plantarum or Lactobacillus acidophilus combined with Bifidobacterium infantis, or the combination of all three organisms, decreases NF-κB activation through proteasome inhibition and preservation of the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα (79). CM combinations that include L. acidophilus combined with B. infantis also preserve intestinal barrier function by preserving TJ protein ZO-1 levels and location at the TJ (79). Further work is necessary to determine if isolated factors can be targeted to specific immune defects for clinical use to prevent or treat preterm infants at risk for NEC.
Probiotics and their Effect on Maternal and Neonatal Health
Published in Martin Colin R, Derek Larkin, Probiotics in Mental Health, 2018
Caroline J Hollins Martin, Colin R Martin
Lactobacillus reuteri is bacteria that naturally inhabits the GI tract of humans and was originally identified by Kandler et al. in 1980. Lactobacillus reuteri produces reuterin in the GI tract, which inhibits growth of Escherichia coli (Cleusix et al., 2008). Oral intake increases secretion of Lactobacillus reuteri in breast milk (Sinkiewicz and Nordstrom, 2005), which is then transferred into the GI tract of breastfeeding infants (Abrahamsson et al., 2005), thus affording them infection protection. Further evidence supports that Lactobacillus reuteri partially eradicates Helicobacter Pylori, which causes peptic ulcers (Imase et al., 2007), Streptococcus Mutans which causes tooth decay (Nikawa et al., 2004) and is effective at alleviating gingivitis (Krasse et al., 2006). In addition, adults who take probiotics containing Lactobacillus reuteri have been recorded to have 50% less sick episodes (Tubelius, 2005).
Mechanistic study of copper oxide, zinc oxide, cadmium oxide, and silver nanoparticles-mediated toxicity on the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Aya M. Eid, Osama M. Sayed, Walaa Hozayen, Tarek Dishisha
Lactobacillus reuteri, a member of gut microbiota, is a heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria that colonize various mammalian species. L. reuteri is found in various human body regions, including the GIT, urinary tract, breast milk and skin (Giraffa et al.2010, Kim et al.2020). L. reuteri is considered one of the beneficial microorganisms; it can release antimicrobial molecules, including organic acids, reuterin and reutricyclin, preventing pathogenic microbes from colonizing the host and remodeling the commensal microbiota composition. In addition, L. reuteri can aid the host’s immune defense by decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improving the function and development of regulatory T cells, therefore contributing to controlling the inflammatory process (Mu et al.2018). Additionally, several studies highlighted the probiotic advantages of L. reuteri for boosting health, lowering infection rates, regulating host immunological responses, supporting gut mucosal integrity, and lowering bacterial translocation (Mu et al.2018).
Short- term effect of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri consumption on the salivary microbiome profile of subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2022
Armelia Sari Widyarman, Nadeeka S. Udawatte, Moehamad Orliando Roeslan, Muhammad Ihsan Rizal, Mario Richi, Joko Kusnoto, Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
Lactobacillus reuteri is a probiotic bacterium known to confer various health benefits to humans [3]. It produces the antimicrobial substances reuterin and reutericyclin, which are active against a wide range of pathogenic organisms [4]. Previously, we performed a pilot study on the beneficial health effects of lozenges containing the probiotic L. reuteri on a few orthodontic patients [5]. We found that consumption of probiotics for 2 weeks significantly reduced the number of pathogenic bacteria in the patients’ saliva. Moreover, other studies using appropriate in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated that L. reuteri is able to modulate host inflammatory responses [6]. However, clinical studies that examine the effect of the probiotic L. reuteri on the oral microbiome are sparse in the literature.
Impact of gut microbiome on skin health: gut-skin axis observed through the lenses of therapeutics and skin diseases
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Md. Rayhan Mahmud, Sharmin Akter, Sanjida Khanam Tamanna, Lincon Mazumder, Israt Zahan Esti, Sanchita Banerjee, Sumona Akter, Md. Rakibul Hasan, Mrityunjoy Acharjee, Md. Sajjad Hossain, Anna Maria Pirttilä
Another line of research having many promising prospects on the gut-skin axis are dietary supplements promoting health of gut microbiome, including pre- and probiotics. This research area has been massively studied in the past due to many beneficial health effects of fermented foods. In our review, we have listed several connections of probiotics with the skin condition, for example, Lactobacillus reuteri, which improves epidermal thickness and increased folliculogenesis after ingestion by mice.3 Further studies linking probiotics with skin would likely provide new significant knowledge on the importance of specific members of the gut microbial community in skin health. Linking together studies on probiotics and tracking of specific microbial products from gut to the skin could reveal exciting new information on the gut-skin axis in the future.