China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Exopolysaccharides from Marine Microalgae
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Azita Navvabi, Ahmad Homaei, Nazila Navvabi, Philippe Michaud
Exopolysaccharides are the metabolic products of several microorganisms. EPSs have special roles in phototrophic biofilms such as suppressor of environmental stresses, slipping mobility and forming structural integral unit of biofilms that determines their physiochemical properties (Evans 2003; Staudt et al. 2004; Rossi and De Philippis 2015).
The Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Neurological Diseases
Published in David Perlmutter, The Microbiome and the Brain, 2019
Thomas Borody, John Bienenstock
Individual components of bacteria are also capable of inducing significant host effects. These include exopolysaccharides such as polysaccharide adhesion (PSA), a structural membrane component of the Gram-negative pathobiont, Bacteroides fragilis. Oral administration of PSA has been shown to reproduce the significant immunoregulatory activity of the parent bacteria58 and also activate the enteric nervous system.59 The exopolysaccharides of Bifidobacterium longum60 and Bifidobacterium breve UCC200361 both have significant immune down-regulatory functions, which may depend on Toll receptor (TLR) and C-type lectin receptors on host cells. Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1 similarly modulates the gut immune system through host TLR and C-type lectin receptors.62 However, the extent to which exopolysaccharides are directly involved in the regulation of the MGBA is currently unknown.
Bioprocess Parameters of Production of Cyanobacterial Exopolysaccharide
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Onkar Nath Tiwari, Sagnik Chakraborty, Indrama Devi, Abhijit Mondal, Biswanath Bhunia, Shen Boxiong
The majority of the extraction techniques relate to a dissolvable liberated polysaccharide (DLP) within the nutrient media chiefly via unicellular cyanobacteria. The methods of extraction is often customized for enhanced recovery (Helm et al. 2000; Li et al. 2001). The common protocol adapted for extraction and purification of exopolysaccharide is shown in Figure 3.2.
Fabry disease – a multisystemic disease with gastrointestinal manifestations
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Many probiotic bacteria are members of the gut microbiota and are included in foods to improve gut function. In this respect, the immunomodulatory ability of bacterial exopolysaccharides is reported.83,84 Consumption of food rich in probiotics or the supplementation of probiotics partially affected immune function by altering endogenous metabolic activities of microbiota.85 Interestingly (with respect to classical FD patients suffering from end-stage renal disease), probiotics were also reported to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (in blood) in patients undergoing dialysis.86 In addition, prebiotics such as polysaccharides from the green algae Enteromorpha clathrataprovide are a selective food base for intestinal bacteria such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria and can specifically influence the composition of the intestinal flora,87 reducing dysbiosis by increasing microorganisms with a health-promoting influence in the colon.
The probiotic L. casei LC-XCAL™ improves metabolic health in a diet-induced obesity mouse model without altering the microbiome
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Calum J. Walsh, Selena Healy, Paul W. O’Toole, Eileen F. Murphy, Paul D. Cotter
Some bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions.16,17 Obesity is characterized inter alia by a chronic low-grade inflammation18 and this is one characteristic of the condition that may be targeted by administration of probiotics. Here, we describe an anti-inflammatory profile for Lactobacillus caseiLC-XCAL™, a copious EPS-producer, in a peripheral blood monocyte cytokine (PBMC) induction assay, similar to the anti-inflammatory prototype strain Bifidobacterium longum NCIMB 41003; which has been demonstrated to mediate such effects in the human gastrointestinal tract as well as extra-intestinally.19–21 We also investigate the impact of LC-XCAL on weight gain and metabolic health in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model.
A bacterial polysaccharide biosynthesis-related gene inversely regulates larval settlement and metamorphosis of Mytilus coruscus
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Li-Hua Peng, Xiao Liang, Rui-Heng Chang, Jia-Yi Mu, Hui-E Chen, Asami Yoshida, Kiyoshi Osatomi, Jin-Long Yang
Some specific polysaccharides produced by bacteria have been proved to mediate larval settlement and metamorphosis (Zeng et al. 2015). For example, the capsular polysaccharide and cellulose of Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica induced Mytilus coruscus larval settlement and metamorphosis (Zeng et al. 2015). An exopolysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas sp. S9 was demonstrated to relate to the larval metamorphosis of Ciona intestinalis by transposon mutagenesis (Szewzyk et al. 1991). However, the molecular basis of polysaccharides in modulating larval settlement and metamorphosis of marine benthic animals is still elusive. Tracing the molecular basis of polysaccharides involved in the settlement process could promote the research of biofouling control and aquaculture technology.