China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in Immunocompromised Patients
Published in Marie Studahl, Paola Cinque, Tomas Bergström, Herpes Simplex Viruses, 2017
HSV esophagitis: In the pre-HAART era, approximately one-third of AIDS patients developed symptoms of esophagitis (95). These were mainly due to Candida infections, which accounted for 50–70% of the cases, but also to CMV (10–20%) or HSV (2–5%), or were idiopathic (aphtous ulcers, 10–20%). Symptoms of herpes esophagitis are not specific, including dysphagia, odynophagia, and focal pain. However, ulcers are frequently recovered in the oral cavity in HSV esophagitis.
Adolescents and young adults with early acquired HIV infection in the united states: unique challenges in treatment and secondary prevention
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
AIDS-related complications and deaths commonly occurred among children with EAHIV in the pre-HAART era. The most common were opportunistic infections such as pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis and encephalopathies [94]. A high prevalence of neuropsychiatric abnormalities and low intelligence quotient have also been reported in adolescents born between 1989 and 1992 diagnosed with AIDS at a median age of 3.1 years (interquartile ratio (IQR) 0.9–8.1 years) [95]. Other sequelae of immunosuppression and uncontrolled virologic replication; recurrent bacterial infections, pneumocystis jirovecii infections, herpes esophagitis, malignancies; CNS associated lymphomas and Kaposi Sarcomas were also reported in children in the past [94]. However, as HIV has evolved from an acute life-threatening infection to a chronic disease with ART, the incidence of HIV-associated opportunistic infections, AIDS-defining illnesses, morbidity, and mortality have declined, and average life expectancy of people with HIV (PHIV) now compares to that of those who are uninfected [95–97]. However, AYA-EAHIV have relatively high rates of comorbidities shifting from adolescence to adulthood. Older youth with perinatal HIV infections have higher rates of CDC categories B and C events, especially the risk of opportunistic infections [9]. As a result, attention is shifting from simply ensuring survival to promoting a better quality of life, focusing on averting complications of lifelong ART and chronic HIV infection. AYA-EAHIV now face risks of HIV complications and the risk of treatment toxicity, both of which may affect organ systems.