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Brittle Nails
Published in Nilton Di Chiacchio, Antonella Tosti, Therapies for Nail Disorders, 2020
Published work to date supports the use of 2.5 mg/day of biotin for brittle nails for 6 to 12 months. Side effects reported include gastrointestinal distress. It is important to highlight that biotin intake can potentially interfere with some clinical immunoassay tests such as troponin, serum and urine β-hCG, thyroid function, and some tumor markers. These tests employ the high-affinity interaction between biotin and streptavidin as part of the analyte capture mechanism. The interference can be positive or negative in nature depending on the immunoassay. To address this issue, it is recommended that patients abstain from taking biotin supplements for 48 h.
Creatine supplementation in sport, exercise and health
Published in Jay R Hoffman, Dietary Supplementation in Sport and Exercise, 2019
Eric S Rawson, Eimear Dolan, Bryan Saunders, Meghan E Williams, Bruno Gualano
Extensive scientific evidence exists indicating that creatine is a safe and effective ergogenic aid, capable of improving high-intensity exercise performance and enhancing resistance training adaptations. A variety of supplementation protocols exists to increase muscle creatine content; doses varying from 3–20 g/d are proven adequate to elevate muscle creatine content, with larger doses requiring less time (up to five days) to achieve muscle creatine “loading.” While adverse or side effects have been attributed to creatine supplementation, only weight gain (~1–2 kg) due to water retention has been systematically reported. Increased risk of cancer, kidney dysfunction, liver dysfunction, dehydration, rhabdomyolysis, cramps and other effects are anecdotal and have not been proven by well-controlled studies. Gastrointestinal distress may also occur infrequently, but this symptom could be relieved with fractioning of doses.
An Overview on the Nutritional Requirements for Athletes Engaged in Extreme Endurance Events
Published in Datta Sourya, Debasis Bagchi, Extreme and Rare Sports, 2019
As highlighted throughout this chapter, the extended duration of many ultra-endurance events brings forth many challenges. The most notable of these challenges is gastrointestinal problems. Previously, Rehrer et al. (1992) reported that, depending on the event, the prevalence of gastrointestinal complaints ranges from 10–95% while Pfeiffer et al. (Pfeiffer et al. 2012) indicated severe gastrointestinal distress occurred from 4% in marathon running and up to 32% in Ironman triathlon races. Furthermore, evidence exists to suggest that some people are more predisposed to developing gastrointestinal distress with common symptoms being dizziness, nausea, cramps (stomach or intestinal), vomiting, and diarrhea. While optimal nutrition is an important factor, various foods have been linked to a greater likelihood of gastrointestinal problems and for these reasons should be avoided prior to and throughout completion of prolonged endurance exercise. In this respect, Rehrer et al. (1992) identified a link in reported gastrointestinal problems and the intake of foods containing fiber, fat, protein, and concentrated carbohydrate solutions throughout a triathlon. This is particularly perplexing for athletes as extremely high rates of carbohydrate intake are needed to modulate performance, but reports linked greater incidence of nausea, flatulence, loose stool, and leaky gut with higher amounts of carbohydrate intake (Pfeiffer et al. 2012).
Incidence of allergic reactions to Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2019
Moteb Khobrani, Yvonne Huckleberry, Keith J. Boesen, Ahmed Aljabri, Mobarak Alharthi, Asad E. Patanwala
Reactions occurred during the loading dose (n = 10), followed by the maintenance doses (n = 4), and or were delayed allergic reactions (n = 6). All delayed reactions occurred 1–2 weeks after FabAV administration. There was one patient who had a reaction with both loading dose (nausea/vomiting) and maintenance dose (hives). In the remaining patients, the presence of the reaction was only in one of the three phases (i.e., loading, maintenance, or delayed). The types of reactions during each phase are in Table 1. Symptoms recorded included pruritus (n = 8), hives (n = 8), rash (n = 7), vomiting (n = 7), nausea (n = 6), dyspnea or wheezing (n = 4), diaphoresis (n = 3), throat irritation (n = 2), and mild hypotension (n = 2). Most patients (16/19) had more than one of the above symptoms noted. Allergic reactions were managed by decreasing the infusion rate or by the administration of diphenhydramine, methylprednisolone, or ondansetron. One patient was given an epinephrine infusion until completion of the antivenom course. This patient had nausea and vomiting, with acute onset each time FabAV was initiated or restarted. The gastrointestinal distress was refractory to treatment with antiemetics, histamine antagonists, and corticosteroids. The decision was made to initiate an epinephrine infusion, which was effective in preventing any subsequent reactions.
Impact of Diets Rich in Whole Grains and Fruits and Vegetables on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Clinical Feeding Trial
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2018
Somaye Fatahi, Elnaz Daneshzad, Hamed Kord-Varkaneh, Nick Bellissimo, Neil R. Brett, Leila Azadbakht
To the best of our knowledge, this was the first controlled feeding trial to test the separate and combined effects of various sources of dietary fiber on CVD risk factors. However, this trial did have some limitations. First, a modest sample size and the specificity of our population may limit the applicability of results to other populations. Second, although adherence to the high-fiber diets appeared to be high, there is always the possibility of gastrointestinal distress from high-fiber diets. Third, in this paper, we did not report other CVD risk factors, such as inflammatory markers, coagulating factors, and liver enzymes. These outcomes are important to investigate in the future to be able to establish a stronger link between consumption of various fiber sources and effects on CVD risk factors. Fourth, our weight loss and WC results would have been further strengthened with the measurement of body fat changes, as previously done (43). Finally, a biomarker was not used to assess adherence because participants consumed the fruits, vegetables, and whole grains under supervision.
Bacteriophage for Gastrointestinal Health (PHAGE) Study: Evaluating the Safety and Tolerability of Supplemental Bacteriophage Consumption
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Melinda Gindin, Hallie P. Febvre, Sangeeta Rao, Taylor C. Wallace, Tiffany L. Weir
We conducted the Bacteriophages for Gastrointestinal Health (PHAGE) study to explore the safety and tolerability of a mixture of 4 bacteriophages for consumption in humans. Study participants consumed 15-mg capsules containing 4 strains of bacteriophages during one 28-day period and an inert capsule during another 28-day period. The target population included healthy adults with mild to moderate gastrointestinal distress, and participants were asked to report gastrointestinal symptoms throughout the trial to assess tolerability of the treatment. In addition, comprehensive metabolic panels were used to monitor effects on blood chemistry and liver function to determine the safety of bacteriophage consumption.