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Herbal Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Hasya Nazh Ekin, Didem Deliorman Orhan
Functional gastrointestinal disorders are divided into six classes, which are: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional diarrhea and constipation, opioid-induced constipation, functional abdominal bloating, tension, and non-specific functional bowel disorder. The disorder is common in the world and generally affects young people and women. The prevalence of IBS has been varied from region to region. In the world, South America has most common IBS (21%) compared to South Asia with lowest percentage of IBS patients (7%). Women have two times higher risk of developing IBS symptoms compared to men. IBS is a chronic disorder identified by flatulence, bloating, pain in abdomen, changed bowel conditions (such as constipation, diarrhea, or both).22,62 The etiology of the disorder has not been elucidated yet, but it is considered that the mechanism could be based on and toxic reactions.
Medical Evaluation of Functional GI Disorders
Published in Kevin W. Olden, Handbook of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2020
Michael Camilleri, Jeffrey W. Frank
Several symptoms may be attributable to functional gastrointestinal disorders, including dysphagia, odynophagia, chest pain, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, early satiety, bloating, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, and incontinence. These symptoms arise from different regions of the digestive tract, including the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, colon, and anorectum. In general, most patients with these syndromes have a normal life expectancy, but there is considerable morbidity, depending on the severity of the symptoms or syndrome in the individual patient
Kampo Medicine: A Different Model for Integrating Health Care Practices
Published in David R. Katerere, Wendy Applequist, Oluwaseyi M. Aboyade, Chamunorwa Togo, Traditional and Indigenous Knowledge for the Modern Era, 2019
If patients have anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and heartburn originating in the upper digestive tract, and malignant tumor and peptic ulcer are ruled out in the diagnosis, these symptoms often indicate a functional gastrointestinal disorder such as functional dyspepsia. Functional gastrointestinal disorders are complex pathologic conditions. Western medicine having a singular site or mechanism of action is often not completely effective. For such pathologic conditions, Kampo medicines considered to have multiple sites of action are as effective as, or more effective than, Western therapies.
The duodenal mucosa associated microbiome, visceral sensory function, immune activation and psychological comorbidities in functional gastrointestinal disorders with and without self-reported non-celiac wheat sensitivity
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Ayesha Shah, Seungha Kang, Nicholas J Talley, Anh Do, Marjorie M Walker, Erin R Shanahan, Natasha A Koloski, Michael P Jones, Simon Keely, Mark Morrison, Gerald J Holtmann
Patients presenting with chronic or relapsing gastrointestinal symptoms that are not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities as the cause of symptoms are referred to as patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID).1,2 Utilizing the Rome Criteria, these patients are categorized based upon their gastrointestinal symptoms into discrete disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or functional dyspepsia (FD).1 However, the heterogeneity of these conditions with regard to symptoms and potential triggers of symptoms suggests that within these disorders, there are distinct sub-clinical pathophysiologies.2 In recent years, it has been recognized that a considerable proportion of these patients with FGID report symptoms that are triggered or aggravated by the consumption of wheat products and that symptoms improve when wheat containing foods are avoided, even though celiac disease has been excluded. These FGID patients with intolerance of wheat products – without celiac disease as the cause of symptoms – are now frequently referred to as patients with self-reported non-celiac wheat sensitivity (SR-NCWS).3
Psychiatric symptoms among patients with acute abdominal pain
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2020
Erik Lexne, Lars Brudin, Ina Marteinsdottir, James J. Strain, Per-Olof Nylander
The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity with somatic disorders is estimated to be around 20–40%, but of these only 40–60% are recognized in clinical work [1–6]. This is worrisome since the presence of psychiatric comorbidity may not only increase medical morbidity but also impact mortality [7–10]. Abdominal pain accounts for 5–8% of visits to emergency departments [11,12] and about 8% in primary care [13]. Abdominal pain is frequently shown to coexist with psychiatric disorders, for instance in primary care where depression is found in around 19% and anxiety in 19% [13]. Studies regarding psychiatric comorbidity in emergency surgical wards are scarce but high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity has been reported [14,15]. A report from a surgical department highlighted the need for psychiatric consultations due to anxiety and depression symptoms [16] which seems indicated for acute abdominal pain as no organic causes were found in as many as 17% in another study [17]. Results from surgical and medical outpatient clinics provide further support for such a statement, where thorough psychiatric and somatic investigation of recurrent or persistent abdominal pain among 96 patients, diagnosed only 15.6% with the organic disorder while the majority 84,4% receivedpsychiatric disorders [18]. In part, this may be explained by the known comorbidity of abdominal functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) [19–21] with personality traits, psychiatric disorders and psychosocial factors. Furthermore, similar psychosocial factors have been linked to organic dyspepsia despite its distinct organic cause (e.g., peptic ulcer) [22–26].
Susceptibility to diarrhea is related to hemodynamic markers of sympathetic activation in the general population
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2019
Viktor Hamrefors, Artur Fedorowski, Bodil Ohlsson
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are chronic diseases with unknown etiology that affect millions of people worldwide. The most prevalent manifestation of FGID is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) [1]. It has been demonstrated that IBS is strongly related to stress, psychological disorders [2] and visceral hypersensitivity [3]. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which constitutes the anatomical and physiological basis for correlations between visceral hypersensitization and autonomic dysfunction [4]. Pain circuits are conducted through afferent parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons to corticolimbic structures and other brain centers modulating pain signals [5]. The ANS governs the most important life-supporting and adaptive functions in humans. Dysfunction of the ANS is probably best seen in cardiovascular autonomic disorders, including clinical manifestations of disturbed heart rhythm and blood pressure regulation, such as orthostatic hypotension and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) [6,7]. Impaired autonomic control of the gastrointestinal (GI) system is usually more discrete [8]. Some conditions with primary autonomic failure exhibit any prominent cardiovascular and GI symptoms, e.g. diabetes mellitus [9], Parkinson’s disease [10] or primary autonomic failure [11]. However, in the less pronounced or advanced forms of ANS impairment, the cardiovascular and GI symptoms may coexist, but be milder and more difficult to identify [12].