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Gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems
Published in Helen Butler, Neel Sharma, Tiago Villanueva, Student Success in Anatomy - SBAs and EMQs, 2022
18 The following statements are all correct with regard to the sigmoid colon EXCEPT: It is located in the right iliac fossa.It has a long mesentery.It is an intraperitoneal structure.It connects the descending colon to the rectum.It merges with the rectum at the level of S3.
Mass in the Epigastrium
Published in K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla, 100 Short Cases for the MRCP, 2020
K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla
Histological confirmation of the diagnosis through endoscopic biopsy is essential. Although colonic cancer is most common in the rectosigmoid region, transverse colon may also be affected. Besides an epigastric mass, a patient with carcinoma of the transverse colon may present with anaemia and abdominal discomfort. A change in bowel habit is an early feature of the carcinoma if the descending colon is involved. Since the bowel contents remain liquid in patients with carcinoma of the ascending and transverse colon, features of obstruction and change of bowel habits are not common until the late stage.
In-vivo Colonic Motility and Transit in Ulcerative Colitis
Published in William J. Snape, Stephen M. Collins, Effects of Immune Cells and Inflammation on Smooth Muscle and Enteric Nerves, 2020
S. Narasimha Reddy, Gabriele Bazzocchi, Simon Chan, Kathy Akashi, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, George Yanni, Ismael Mena, William J. Snape
Eating stimulated increased nonpropagating contractions in both normal and UC subjects. The increase in healthy subjects was greatest in the descending colon immediately after eating. In UC, the postprandial contractility was decreased in amplitude compared to normal subjects.
A giant parastomal hernia in a high risk patient: preparation to make surgery worthwhile
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2023
Seda Gunes, Ali Bohlok, Antoine El Asmar, Thibaut Engels, Marie Magdelaine Lefort, Eleonora Farinella, Issam El Nakadi
The first-step surgery started by closing the colostomy. Then, a circular skin incision was made 3 cm above the edge of the hernia’s neck to keep enough skin for the subsequent closure. The hernia sac was opened and 12 liters of ascites aspirated. Exploration of the sac’s cavity revealed the presence of part of the stomach and omentum, along with the small intestins and the tranverse and left colon. After reducing the herniated bowels, the intra-abdominal and intra-thoracic pressures were measured by the anesthesiologist, in order to estimate the amount of bowels to be resected, to achieve the appropriate level of pressures tolerated by the patient’s respiratory system. Subsequently, the left part of the transverse colon, along with the descending colon were resected to reach this adaptation. A terminal colostomy was created in the right abdominal quadrant. The hernia sac was resected and closed. A preperitoneal polypropylene mesh repair was performed (Figure 2).
Dasatinib-induced colitis: clinical, endoscopic and histological findings
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Kenji Yamauchi, Tomoki Inaba, Hugh Shunsuke Colvin, Ichiro Sakakihara, Kumiko Yamamoto, Koichi Izumikawa, Sakuma Takahashi, Shigetomi Tanaka, Shigenao Ishikawa, Masaki Wato, Midori Ando, Masato Waki
Of the nine patients with dasatinib-induced colitis, two patients refused colonoscopy and one patient underwent sigmoidoscopy; six patients underwent total colonoscopy during dasatinib therapy (Table 2). Colitis involved the transverse colon, descending colon, ascending colon, cecum, sigmoid colon, and rectum in six (100%), six (100%), five (83.3%), four (66.7%), three (42.9%) and two (28.6%) patients, respectively. Regarding the endoscopic features of colitis, six (100%) patients had loss of vascular pattern, five (83.3%) had multiple erosions and one (16.7%) had multiple small round elevations with erosion on the top (Figure 2). In a patient who underwent follow-up colonoscopy once a year while taking dasatinib, the endoscopic findings changed from erythematous spots (Figure 3(A)) to multiple erosions (Figure 3(B)) in the following year, and then to multiple small round elevations with erosion on the top (Figure 3(C)) in the following year. After discontinuation of dasatinib, these findings disappeared (Figure 3(D)) on colonoscopy.
The day-night pattern of colonic contractility is not impaired in type 1 diabetes and distal symmetric polyneuropathy
Published in Chronobiology International, 2021
Marie M. Jensen, Anne-Marie L. Wegeberg, Sine L. Jensen, Peter S. Sørensen, Ida M. N. Wigh, Victoria S. Zaugg, Kristine Færch, Jonas S. Quist, Christina Brock
There are several limitations to this study. Firstly, data for the present study represent secondary analyses; however, the WMC procedures were similar between the studies, and only 13 of the 103 participants ingested the WMC approximately 0.5–1.5 h later in the morning than specified. The WMC measures pressure, but it cannot distinguish between propagating or retrograde peristalsis, or if the pressure is simply a result of uncoordinated static muscle tone. Therefore, we were not able to distinguish the effectiveness and propulsion of colonic peristalsis between the groups. Furthermore, others have shown that pressure activity of the transverse/descending colon is significantly higher than in the rectosigmoid colon within the first hour after meal ingestion (Rao et al. 2000). Since it is not possible to distinguish the different segments of the colon using the WMC, the segmental difference in colonic pressure activity may have impacted the results of our study.