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Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Linn et al. found no statistical difference in likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women who continued to smoke cannabis. However, they advised against its use in pregnancy due to lack of definitive information.42 A later study by Fergusson et al. drew a similar conclusion.43 Many women have reported cannabis to be very effective in relieving the nausea of morning sickness during pregnancy.44 Ironically, there have also been reports of cannabis causing the so-called Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome during pregnancy.45
Behavioural approaches to managing substance-related problems in gastrointestinal conditions
Published in Simon R. Knowles, Laurie Keefer, Antonina A. Mikocka-Walus, Psychogastroenterology for Adults, 2019
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a more serious side effect, with fatalities reported [40, 41]. This syndrome was first characterised in 2004, in which a series of patients developed symptoms including profuse vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea, sweating, and a propensity for compulsive behaviours [42, 43].
The Culture on Campus
Published in Jonathan C. Beazley, Stephanie Field, Cannabis on Campus, 2018
Jonathan C. Beazley, Stephanie Field
With the exception that it is still illegal in most states and in violation of university policies, marijuana does not lead to the mayhem generally associated with drunkenness. Cannabis misuse also creates problems, but ones that are less dramatic and more difficult to connect directly to costs—financial or otherwise. Except for those students who get arrested for possession or intent to distribute, the consequences of marijuana use on campus are less prominent and more difficult to attribute directly to the drug. No students die from marijuana overdose, although we are seeing more incidents of panic attacks and psychotic events associated with heavy THC ingestion. Another phenomenon being seen more frequently in emergency rooms is complaints by heavy consumers of severe nausea and vomiting attributed to Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome.34 The exact mechanism of this condition remains unknown, but cessation of use does not always result in immediate symptom relief, with only hot showers being reported as helpful.
An analysis of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome Reddit posts and themes
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2023
Rachel S. Wightman, Jeanmarie Perrone, Alexandra B. Collins, Sahithi Lakamana, Abeed Sarker
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, first described in 2004 [1], is characterized by episodes of cyclic vomiting associated with abdominal pain in the context of chronic daily or near-daily cannabis use. Symptomatic episodes are separated by periods of baseline health, and cannabis cessation has been the only documented treatment to date that results in disease resolution [2–4]. Prior to and during the diagnostic process, patients suspected to have cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome frequently have multiple emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations, and undergo non-diagnostic advanced imaging, such as computerized tomography and endoscopy [5]. Thus far, most medical literature on cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome has been focused on describing the clinical syndrome, attempting to determine diagnostic criteria to differentiate cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome from other cyclic vomiting syndromes not associated with cannabis use, and evaluating acute treatment of nausea and vomiting [2,6–9]. Data on longer-term treatment options, patient experience, disease stages and timeline, and prevention strategies are limited [10]. There is no consensus on the root cause of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome or understanding of why cyclic vomiting occurs in some individuals with chronic cannabis use but not others.
A review of the anesthetic implications of marijuana use
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2019
John C. Alexander, Girish P. Joshi
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is another adverse effect of cannabis characterized by recurrent episodes of severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Patients with this syndrome may also present with dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities. The underlying pathophysiology of the syndrome is unclear.45 In addition, there have been several recent case reports of severe bleeding in conjunction with use of non-FDA-approved synthetic cannabinoids (e.g., K2 or Spice) for recreational purposes, leading to nationwide health alerts.9 These patients presented with unexplained, persistent bleeding in the setting of greatly elevated prothrombin time and international normalized ratio. Bleeding persisted despite administration of intravenous vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma. The mechanism of action is thought to be due to a potential synthetic cannabinoid–warfarin interaction, though there was no known exposure to anticoagulants or rodenticide agents in these cases.
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: potential mechanisms for the benefit of capsaicin and hot water hydrotherapy in treatment
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2018
John R. Richards, Jeff M. Lapoint, Guillermo Burillo-Putze
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome has three phases: prodrome, hyperemesis, and recovery [10,11]. The prodromal phase is characterized by nausea, anorexia, and vague abdominal discomfort. The hyperemetic phase presents with bouts of emesis and diffuse abdominal pain that can last for hours. This is followed by a recovery phase with resolution of all symptoms. In 2012, Simonetto et al. [12] refined the diagnostic criteria of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome to include long-term cannabis use with the major features of: cyclic nausea and vomiting; resolution with cannabis cessation; relief of symptoms with hot showers or baths; abdominal pain; and frequent use of marijuana. Other features supporting the diagnosis of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome include: age less than 50 years; weight loss >5 kg; morning predominance of symptoms; normal bowel habits; negative laboratory, radiographic, and endoscopic test results.