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Alimentary Tract Diseases
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Ryan Lamm, Arturo J. Rios-Diaz, Priyadarshini Koduri, Francesco Palazzo
Cholelithiasis, gallstones, which migrate through the biliary system and block either the common bile duct and/or pancreatic duct preventing pancreatic enzymes from entering the small intestine and causing inflammation of the pancreas, or pancreatitis.
Three-Dimensional Fluorographic Anatomy
Published in Robert J. Parelli, Principles of Fluoroscopic Image Intensification and Television Systems, 2020
The biliary system consists of the bile ducts and gallbladder. The two main ducts emerge at the porta hepatic and join to form the common hepatic duct which unites with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct. The gallbladder is a thin-walled, pear-shaped musculomembranous sac with a capacity of storing 2 oz. of bile fluid. The gallbladder is lodged in the fossa of the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver. The position of the gallbladder varies with body habitus. Location of the gallbladder is in the right upper quadrant, anterior to the coronal plane.
The cases
Published in Chris Schelvan, Annabel Copeman, Jacky Davis, Annmarie Jeanes, Jane Young, Paediatric Radiology for MRCPCH and FRCR, 2020
Chris Schelvan, Annabel Copeman, Jacky Davis, Annmarie Jeanes, Jane Young
HIDA scans are usually sensitive in differentiating biliary atresia from other causes of neonatal jaundice. The tracer is rapidly taken up by hepatocytes and excreted into the biliary system, gallbladder and GI tract. Visualization of tracer within the bowel indicates patency of the extrahepatic biliary system and excludes biliary atresia (with the exception of severe neonatal hepatitis or hepatic necrosis).
Risk factors for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography cholangitis in patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis—an observational study
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Fei Du, Wenhao Yu, Zhixin Wang, Zhi Xie, Li Ren
We retrospectively reviewed the endoscopic database of our hospital to identify patients with HAE who received ERCP between January 2015 and December 2019. This resulted in 51 cases that occurred in 45 patients of AE being enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of AE was based on the Epidemiological history of the infected area, pathological biopsy, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and liver function tests. The World Health Organization established the classification and diagnostic criteria for AE [16], with the diagnosis of the biliary system condition combined with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ERCP. All the procedures were performed with the written consent of the patient. The study was approved by our hospital ethics committee (Number P-SL-2019042).
Patient-specific fluid–structure interaction model of bile flow: comparison between 1-way and 2-way algorithms
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Alex G. Kuchumov, Vasily Vedeneev, Vladimir Samartsev, Aleksandr Khairulin, Oleg Ivanov
The pressure distribution for lithogenic and healthy bile flow is shown in Figure 6. The pressure in the common bile duct in all patients approximately equal to 1 kPa, which corresponds to known medical data (Samarcev 2005; Kuchumov 2016). The changes in bile viscosity and gallbladder presence play a great role in pressure distribution in bile ducts. From a mechanical point of view, the biliary system can be considered to be a pump-pipe system, where the gallbladder provides the driving pressure, and the flow rate of the bile going through the ducts depends on the resistance as well as the pressure drop between the gallbladder and the downstream end of the common bile duct. In this sense, gallbladder motor function is closely related to the pressure drop, flow rate and the flow resistance in the biliary system (Luo et al. 2007).
Evaluation of two functional CD24 polymorphisms in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2020
Chengcheng Christine Zhang, Robert Voitl, Theresa Hippchen, Karl-Heinz Weiss, Peter Sauer, Christian Rupp
This observational retrospective cohort study was designed to determine the impact of the rs8734 CD 24 genotype and the rs3838646 CD24 genotype in primary sclerosing cholangitis. A total of 359 unrelated German patients with PSC were analyzed for the rs3838646 genotype and a total of 335 unrelated German patients with PSC patients were analyzed for the rs8734 genotype.The patients were recruited from the University Hospital of Heidelberg (Germany). The study started in May 1987 and was continued to July 2012. The outcome of all patients was followed up on until May 2013. As previously described [35], diagnostic criteria for PSC included characteristic endoscopic retrograde cholangioscopy (ERC) findings, serum alkaline phosphatase activity of at least twice the normal range, negative anti-mitochondrial antibody titres and liver biopsy results compatible with the diagnosis of PSC. We excluded patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, diagnosis of cholangiocellular carcinoma within 3 months after first presentation, and patients with a history of neoplastic disease and/or hepatic co-morbidity. The biliary system was evaluated by ERC in all the patients. A dominant stricture (DS)was defined as a stenosis with a diameter <1.5 mm of the common duct or <1.0 mm of a hepatic duct (within 2 cm of the bifurcation) [36,37]. IBD was diagnosed according to standard clinical, endoscopic, radiologic, and histopathologic criteria [38,39].