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Consumer Views on Health Issues Arising from Food Products
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Santosh K. Mishra, Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants in Food Design, 2022
Harita R. Desai, Murlidhar Meghwal
Infants, children, and adults are exposed to hazards of pesticide by consuming food containing pesticides. Agricultural workers working in farms are exposed to pesticides, while on work and thus are exposed to acute and chronic poisoning [7]. Some of the symptoms of pesticide poisoning are nausea, anxiety, abdominal cramps, confusion, dizziness, etc. Effect of exposure involves adverse effects on memory, birth disorders, Parkin-son’s disorder, cancer, skin disorders, depression, miscarriage, etc. [71]. Hazardous effects have been observed due to exposure of pesticides on children compared to adults, due to consumption of more food with respect to body weight. The probability of occurrence of adverse events enhances, when children are exposed to pesticides during vulnerable stages of development [40].
Health and Psychological Effects of Low-Level Exposure to Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents
Published in Brian J. Lukey, James A. Romano, Salem Harry, Chemical Warfare Agents, 2019
Carl D. Smith, Kristin J. Heaton, James A. Romano Jr., Maurice L. Sipos, John H. McDonough
In summary, studies of occupational pesticide and CWNA exposures provide valuable insights into the effects of lower-level OP exposures on acute and longer-term health and performance outcomes. Studies of pesticide workers indicate an increased prevalence of neurologic symptoms and changes in neurobehavioral performance indicative of mild cognitive and psychomotor dysfunction. These effects appear to be more prevalent during the period of exposure but may also persist over time. Total cumulative exposure may be a greater risk factor for poor performance than any other covariant. Studies have shown fairly consistent decrements in visuomotor speed, as indexed by the digit symbol substitution test and trail making tests, and tests of selective attention and memory (digit span). Many of these same neurobehavioral functions were also reported to be long-term effects of OP pesticide poisoning (Delgado et al., 2004; Rosenstock et al., 1991;Savage et al., 1988; Steenland et al., 1994; Wesseling et al., 2002).
Neurotoxicity of Pesticides
Published in Ana Maria Osorio, Lynn R. Goldman, Proceedings from the Medical Workshop on Pesticide-Related Illnesses from the International Conference on Pesticide Exposure and Health, 2017
Matthew C. Keifer, Jordan Firestone
The Agricultural Health Study (AHS) is a large-scale, prospective epidemiological study that is particularly relevant to the question of pesticide effects on the nervous system. Recent results from the AHS suggest that among 18,782 pesticide applicator subjects, those who used more insecticides were more likely to report neurological symptoms.52 There was a slight association with fungicides as well, but the strongest effect was seen with organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides. This effect was independent of a history of acute pesticide poisoning. The AHS is an ongoing study, and more results are anticipated in the coming years.
Effect of pesticide exposure on the cholinesterase activity of the occupationally exposed tea garden workers of northern part of West Bengal, India
Published in Biomarkers, 2019
Pesticides are used globally to keep the agricultural pests under control and to increase crop productivity, they also cause serious hazards to the environment as well as non-target organisms including human beings. India is the largest producer of pesticides in Asia and ranks third in the world in using pesticides (Kumari et al. 2003). About 70% of its population depending on agriculture for their livelihood (Chakraborty et al. 2009) are at high risk of exposure to pesticides. Organophosphate (OP) pesticides being relatively inexpensive, easily available, less persistent in the environment and low susceptibility to pest resistance became widely popular in the early 1980s (Wessels et al. 2003). With the increasing and indiscriminate use of these pesticides in fields, the toxic effects of pesticides on non-target organisms including humans became the prime focus of the studies (Panemangalore et al. 1999, Prakasam et al. 2001, Hernández et al. 2005, Thetkathuek et al. 2005, Atreya et al. 2012, Thetkathuek et al. 2017, Guytingco et al. 2018). Exposure to pesticides occur through inhalation, dermal absorption or oral ingestion (Benites et al. 2006, Simoniello et al. 2010) and cause severe pesticide poisoning sometimes leading to death. In India, 15,500 cases of pesticide poisoning and 7,500 related deaths have been recorded during 1996–99 (Shetty 2004, Paudyal 2008, Abhilash and Singh 2009) which pose a serious health problem on the population.
COPD and asthma therapeutics for supportive treatment in organophosphate poisoning
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2019
Julia Herbert, Horst Thiermann, Franz Worek, Timo Wille
We could show that combinations of anticholinergics and β2-agonists used clinically as COPD and asthma therapeutics have beneficial effects on ACh-induced airway contractions in VX-poisoned PCLS. Our results provide conclusive experimental data to support a comprehensive future clinical study, e.g. in patients suffering from OP-pesticide poisoning, like suggested by Chowdhury et al. The anticholinergics glycopyrrolate and ipratropium are readily obtainable alternative options for patients e.g. unresponsive to atropine treatment. Application in combination with β2-agonists could prevent anticholinergic over-dosing for both substances as well as for atropine administration. Concluding, COPD and asthma therapeutics could be potent assets in the supportive treatment of OP poisoning.
Protective effect of captopril against diazinon induced nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity via inhibition of ROS-NO pathway
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2018
Milad Vahidirad, Milad Arab-Nozari, Hamidreza Mohammadi, Ehsan Zamani, Fatemeh Shaki
Pesticide poisoning is a concern for WHO that estimated 3 million poisoning cases per year. Dz is one of the most commonly used pesticide in the world (Hamad et al. 2016), that notable cases of poisoning were reported worldwide. Dz poisoning leads to damage to several organs in the body, including kidney, brain and liver (Tsitsimpikou et al. 2013, Boussabbeh et al. 2016). Despite its major inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase, it is observed that Dz exposure can lead to organ toxicity via induction of oxidative stress (Yavuz et al. 2003, Lukaszewicz-Hussain 2010, Tsitsimpikou et al. 2013). So, it is necessary to identify the effective and beneficial compounds to the prevention of this unpleasant effect.