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Infection prevention and control
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
This chapter has highlighted the problem of healthcare-associated infection and covered those aspects of care that are essential for the prevention of cross-infection. Standard infection prevention and control practices have been introduced and the practical skills required to implement these when caring for the individuals described. Having worked your way through this chapter, you should now be aware of the fundamental principles of infection prevention and control that underpin all other practical nursing interventions. This chapter is therefore referred to within many other chapters in this book.
Specific Infections in Children
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Neal Russell, Sarah May Johnson, Andrew Chapman, Christian Harkensee, Sylvia Garry, Bhanu Williams
At the time of writing, the COVID-19 pandemic is underway across the globe; currently high-income settings are more affected than are low-income settings. However, the situation remains unpredictable, with vaccinations at various stages of development, approval, and roll-out. Where there is sustained community transmission of COVID-19, it is essential to safeguard healthcare services and workers through careful triage and infection prevention and control measures, including personal protective equipment, hand-washing, and face coverings.
Pillars of Infection Management
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
The absence of new, effective anti-Gram-negative antibiotics makes infection prevention and control the most important counter-measure against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Infection prevention and control can prevent additional infections and the spread of resistant pathogens and thereby reduce the need to use antibiotics.
Comparison of rapid molecular testing methods for detecting respiratory viruses in emergency care: a prospective study
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2022
Dagfinn Lunde Markussen, Harleen M. S. Grewal, Siri Tandberg Knoop, Sondre Serigstad, Øyvind Kommedal, Marit Ebbesen, Elling Ulvestad, Rune Bjørneklett
In this study, addition of the FAP plus was associated with a shorter time than standard diagnostics to detection of respiratory virus that according to guidelines should be handled with increased infection control measures. It also had a high sensitivity. There is a growing body of evidence that a rapid diagnosis of viral RTI improves patient management and clinical outcomes, reduces the rate of hospital admissions, improves the ED triage time, optimizes the duration of isolation and total hospitalization, and supports effective use of ancillary laboratory procedures, including imaging-based and antimicrobial tests. Infection prevention and control is a critical and integral part of clinical management of patients, now more than ever in light of the ongoing pandemic [21]. Knowledge of characteristics of diagnostics tests, including sensitivity, is important to understand how to best apply these tests for patient care and disease surveillance. In our study, we have studied the detection of respiratory viruses, but in a clinical setting, a negative test result with a highly sensitive test can be equally important for optimal patient handling [22–24]. Thus, the introduction of the FAP plus in an emergency care setting may help reduce the risk of nosocomial spread of communicable RTIs by rapid, reliable identification of isolation needs.
Surgical site infections in Eastern Mediterranean region: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2019
Abdulbaset Maleknejad, Neda Dastyar, Mahin Badakhsh, Abbas Balouchi, Hosein Rafiemanesh, Omar Al Rawajfah, Khadije Rezaie Keikhaie, Mahmood Sheyback
The results of this study indicated that a standardized perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis protocol was used in more than half of the studies. Today, this protocol has been accepted as a part of the daily care in surgical procedures. It provides prophylaxis from 60 min before surgery to 24 h after surgery, as well as 48 h after cardiac surgery. However, the preparation of surgical site was explained in less than one-third of the studies, indicating that higher quality studies need to be performed to determine the prevalence SSIs rate [62]. According to the present review, the prevalence of SSI in surgical gynaecology was 6.2%, which is higher than the same rate in the US (5.5%) [70]. In developing countries where less expensive material and management facilities of infection control are dedicated to infection control, the prevalence of nosocomial infections is 3–20 times higher than developed countries [59]. The highest SSI prevalence rate was reported in Egypt. That may be due to lower compliance with infection prevention and control programmes in the country.
Infection prevention and control in cystic fibrosis: a systematic review of interventions
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2019
Nicola J Rowbotham, Sally C Palser, Sherie J Smith, Alan R Smyth
Infection in the CF airways drives inflammation and leads to bronchiectasis. Effective treatment is limited by antibiotic resistance and the favorable niche provided by the CF lung. Primary prevention of these infections, through infection prevention and control, is, therefore, an important strategy. Prevention requires an understanding of how pulmonary infection is acquired in CF, and the evidence behind different modes of acquisition will be briefly considered here under the following headings: Out of hospital acquisition through environmental reservoirsPerson to person transmissionAcquisition from the healthcare environment