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Tixocortol Pivalate
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
A woman who had apparently never used topical corticosteroids had a positive patch test reaction to tixocortol pivalate 1% pet., which had appeared at D10. The authors diagnosed probable active sensitization. Whereas this may well have been the case, late reactions to corticosteroids are well known, and it cannot be excluded that the reaction had begun earlier dan D10 but was not noticed by the patient at that time (54).
Allergy against Steroids in Ocular Inflammation
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Luz Elena Concha-Del Rio, Pilar Uribe-Reina, Alejandra De-La-Torre
When a CS Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Reaction is suspected, after a complete medical history and physical exam, a skin test should be performed. The following aspects should be taken into account: Agents tested: The most used CS are tixocortol pivalate, budesonide, and hydrocortisone.39,40 Although, specialized CS tests are needed to detect cross-reactions and determine possible treatment alternatives.3Vehicle: For most CS, ethanol is the first choice, except for hydrocortisone, that requires a mixture of ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide.39Concentration: Due to the anti-inflammatory effect of CS, if the concentration is too low, false negatives can result, or if the concentration is too high, the anti-inflammatory effect dominates and again a false negative can result.3 In that order, some studies had shown that 0.01% budesonide and 0.1% tixocortol detect most CS allergic patients.41The reading: Most authors had agreed on readings on day 6 or 7.42The Edge effect: It is a ring of induration/erythema around the patch test site without reaction in the center, that appears in early readings. It is due to suppression of the inflammation in the middle because of the highest concentration of the CS, while in the edges the concentration is lower, allowing the allergic reaction.43
Allergic contact dermatitis in children
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2020
Anna Belloni Fortina, Francesca Caroppo, Giulia Tadiotto Cicogna
Furthermore, it should be considered that all children with AD are chronically exposed to topical agents such as antibiotics, corticosteroids, and emollients. The prolonged use of these agents could increase the risk of CS to some medicaments (i.e. neomycin, benzocaine, budesonide, tixocortol) and also to the vehicles (i.e. preservatives, fragrances, etc.).