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Systemic Diseases and the Skin
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Jana Kazandjieva, Razvigor Darlenski, Nikolai Tsankov
Laboratory studies: These include thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), T4, T3, and thyroid antibody tests. The histopathologic findings for pretibial myxedema typically show deposition of mucin (glycosaminogly-cans) throughout the dermis and subcutis. In thyroid acropachy plain radiographs show a solid periosteal reaction that tends to be bilateral and generally symmetrical involving the tubular bones of the hands and feet.
Thyroid disease
Published in Judy Bothamley, Maureen Boyle, Medical Conditions Affecting Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2020
Initial laboratory tests for thyroid function simply measure the amount of free thyroxine (T4) and the amount of TSH. Less commonly free T3 is measured. As some thyroid conditions are the result of autoimmune disorders, thyroid antibody tests may also be indicated. See Table 7.3 for an explanation of common blood tests for thyroid function.
Biochemistry
Published in Michael McGhee, A Guide to Laboratory Investigations, 2019
Thyroid peroxidase antibodiesNormal range is up to 35 kU/l.Following an autoimmune antibody assay, if thyroid antibody staining is positive, a thyroid peroxidase antibodies test may be performed.A high titre indicates a need for regular thyroid function testing.
Retrospective analysis of low-dose interleukin-2 therapy on chronic autoimmune thyroid disease with concurrent systemic lupus erythematosus
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Naidi Wang, Yuebo Jin, Gong Cheng, Kai Zhang, Bo Huang, Yuhui Li, Jing He
Eleven SLE patients with concurrent AITD were included in the IL-2 group and eighteen patients were admitted in control group. Their baseline demographic, clinical characteristics are presented and its results of variance analysis with control group were shown in Table 1. Baseline laboratory parameters between IL-2 and control group were shown in Table S1. In IL-2 group, there were all young or middle-aged women, and their disease durations of SLE ranged from 2 to 39 years. AITD occurred before (36.4%), in the same year as (18.2%), or after (45.5%) the diagnosis of SLE. All patients had positive thyroid antibody test outcomes, but damage degree of thyroid function and its manifestations were variable. One patient (9.09%) presented as hyperthyroid at onset and switched to hypothyroid after treatment with iodine 131. Three (27.27%) of them had undergone thyroxine replacement therapy during their disease. All patients were on concomitant steroids (prednisone 5–40 mg/day) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ, 400 mg/day) treatments. Regarding current immunosuppressive agents, four were on cyclosporin A (CsA, 50–150mg/day), three were on mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, 1000–2000 mg/day), one was on cyclophosphamide (CTX, 50 mg every other day), one was on tacrolimus (TAC, 1.5 mg/day) and one was on azathioprine (AZA, 25 mg/day). Compared with IL-2 group, significant differences could be observed between the two groups in terms of the disease duration of AITD, while other data did not reveal a remarkable difference.
Association between alopecia areata and thyroid dysfunction
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Piyu Parth Naik, Syed Nadir Farrukh
A large sample study constituting 1408 patients analyzed by Park and colleagues observed an increased incidence of thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction in severe AA patients [33]. Similarly, Lee and colleagues revealed a higher prevalence of thyroid abnormalities and positive autoantibodies in AA patients compared to the average population[34]. Seyrafi and team reported thyroid disease in 8.9% AA patients and 51.4% with autoimmune antibodies[30]. Bakry et al. found that 16% of AA patients had hypothyroidism (Table 1)[31]. A case-control study done in Iran with 82 AA and 122 controls found that female patients had significantly higher levels of anti-TPO and TSH, while reports published by Saylam Kurtipek and colleagues for no predilection to male to female in terms of anti-TPO and TSH levels[35]. Also, no difference in TSH and anti-TPO levels were found by Rahnama and colleagues but converse reported by Kaur and team [36,37]. An increase in thyroid antibody levels with increased disease duration was observed by Gonu et al. [38].
Antithyroid antibodies may predict serum beta HCG levels and biochemical pregnancy losses in euthyroid women with IVF single embryo transfer
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Kagan Gungor, Nur Dokuzeylul Gungor
We found that early-stage pregnancy serum β-HCG level measured on 14th day after oocyte pickup were lower and the miscarriage rate was higher in patients with thyroid autoimmunity. Thyroid hormonal dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity are associated with a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes during all trimesters of pregnancy [9]. TPOAb positivity is separately associated with a higher risk of miscarriage and premature delivery [2]. A previous study has reported a two-fold increase in the risk of pregnancy loss in patients with thyroid antibody positivity [10]. Previous studies and meta-analysis have reported a significant association between thyroid autoimmunity and recurrent pregnancy loss [11]. Several hypotheses have been proposed regarding underlying mechanisms, including mild thyroid dysfunction, cross-reactivity of antibodies with HCG receptors on zona pellucida, the presence of concurrent non-organ specific autoimmunity, and increased levels of endometrial cytokines in women with autoimmunity [10]. Except in cases of thyroid hormonal dysfunction, there is no evidence that levothyroxine treatment prevents pregnancy loss and recurrent miscarriages in thyroid autoimmunity [3].