China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Molecular Diagnostic Approaches in Infectious Disease
Published in Attila Lorincz, Nucleic Acid Testing for Human Disease, 2016
Leonard F. Peruski, Anne Harwood Peruski
For example, when examining host response to infection with intracellular C. pneumoniae, C. trachomatis, and S. typhimurium pathogens, distinct expression profiles could be detected, demonstrating the ability to characterize pathogenic agents via host profile analysis.158 C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae infection induced CTGF, ETV4, NR4A2, DUSP4, DUSP5, GAS-1, EGR1 LIF, MIP-2, IER3, MCL-1, EPHA2, IL6, and IL8. C. trachomatis induced IL-11 Gro-alpha, GM-CSF, and fos-related antigen FRA- 1, while C. pneumoniae induced IL-8, ICAM-1, and prostaglandin endoperoxide-synthase 2 (Cox 2, PTGS2). Intracellular Salmonella infection caused major increases in IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels only.
Pterostilbene pre-treatment reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury through activating NR4A1
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Ying Li, Shu-Min Wang, Xing Li, Chang-Jun Lv, Ling-Yun Peng, Xiao-Feng Yu, Ying-Jian Song, Cong-Jie Wang
The nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member (NR4A) family, which consists of three members, NR4A1, NR4A2, and NR4A3, is associated with various cellular processes, including cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and energy utilization (Herring et al. 2019). Herring et al. (2019) also reported that NR4A1 and NR4A2 inhibited cell proliferation in the liver, while NR4A3 had the opposite effect in controlling the proliferation of hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. Banno et al. (2019) reported that NR4A1 played a pivotal role in regulating inflammatory responses through its function in the NF-κB pathway. In particular, NR4A1 could upregulate the expression of p65 downstream genes by weakening the binding ability of p65 and DNA. NR4A1 directly promoted the expression of IκB (Huang et al. 2016) and regulated the activity of the NF-κB pathway through non-protein-protein interactions (Kalogeris et al. 2012). When investigating other inflammation-related diseases, NR4A1 was demonstrated to inhibit the inflammatory response and delay disease progression (Nakazato et al. 2018). Therefore, we put forward a hypothesis that NR4A1 plays an important role in the LPS induced ALI, and the pre-protective effects of PTE might be associated with the NR4A1 expression.
Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo recipe regulates NR4A1 to improve renal mitochondrial function in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Zhen He, Mengjuan Zhang, Hepeng Xu, Wenping Zhou, Chang Xu, Zheng Wang, Ming He, Xiangting Wang
The nuclear receptor superfamily includes at least 48 transcription factors that regulate a variety of cellular and metabolic functions in different biological processes (Chawla et al. 2001). The NR4A family is an orphan nuclear receptor and consists of three members: NR4A1 (NUR77), NR4A2 (NURR 1), and NR4A3 (NOR-1) (Nuclear Receptors Nomenclature Committee 1999). For these receptors, the endogenous ligands are not recognized (Kliewer et al. 1999). Therefore, the regulatory activity of the NR4A1 is ligand-independent, and the function of NR4A1 is receptor-dependent for expression and post-translational modifications (Wang et al. 2003). In Nr4a1–/– mice, the severity of tubular atrophy, tubular casts, and interstitial fibrosis were significantly increased, accompanied by massive infiltration of immune cells, mainly macrophages, T cells, and B cells (Zhang et al. 2018). In our study, we found that the expression of NR4A1 in kidney of UUO rats was increased and inhibited by YHTR and eplerenone (Figure 2).
Cannabis alters DNA methylation at maternally imprinted and autism candidate genes in spermatogenic cells
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Rose Schrott, Katherine W. Greeson, Dillon King, Krista M. Symosko Crow, Charles A. Easley, Susan K. Murphy
NR4A2 encodes a nuclear receptor and transcriptional regulator that functions in the differentiation and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons during neurodevelopment (Blin et al. 2008; Spiers et al. 2015). NR4A2 expression is required for the successful terminal differentiation of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons during neurogenesis (Blin et al. 2008). Deletions in NR4A2 are associated with intellectual disability, language impairment, and autism (Reuter et al. 2017; Levy et al. 2018). Further, alterations in NR4A2 DNA methylation have been associated with dysregulation of the gene in tissue samples from individuals with Down syndrome (Zhang et al. 2016). If altered methylation is transmitted from sperm to offspring, it could have serious consequences for offspring neurodevelopment.