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Recent Discoveries of Natural Products as Antimicrobial Alternatives for Bovine Mastitis Treatment
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Pâmella B. A. Domingues, João Paulo L. Morgado, Maria Aparecida S. Moreira, Valdir F. Veiga-Júnior, Fábio A. Pieri
Plants of the Garcinia genus (Guttiferae family) are rich sources of phytochemicals. G. brasiliensis, for example, a species native to the Amazon region, is rich in gutiferone A (Gut-A) and 7-epiclusianone (7-epi) (Fig. 8.3). Gut-A has several reports of bioactivities including as an antimicrobial against S. aureus and HIV, trypanocidal agent, antispasmodic, antioxidant, antitumour and protease inhibitor (Gustafson et al. 1992; Ngouela et al. 2006; Coelho et al. 2008; Martins et al. 2009a; Martins et al. 2009b). The 7-epi compound also presents several biological activities, such as toxicity to Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes (Alves et al. 1999), anti-HIV (Piccinelli et al. 2005), vasodilation (Cruz et al. 2006), antianaphylaxis (Neves et al. 2007), antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory (Santa-Cecilia et al. 2011), antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus spp. (Almeida et al. 2008; Barros et al. 2017), inhibition of cell reproduction in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (Vieira et al. 2009) and antiproliferative activity against cancer cells (Almeida et al. 2008).
Alternative Methods for Assessing the Effects of Chemicals in the Eye
Published in David W. Hobson, Dermal and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
Leon H. Bruner, John Shadduck, Diane Essex-Sorlie
Integrity of the corneal epithelium is important to prevent water movement into the cornea. The barrier is maintained by tight junctions and desmosomes that form between the epithelial cells. When the cells of the corneal epithelium are damaged, this barrier can be lost resulting in corneal edema. An in vitro assay system has been developed that attempts to model this function.53 The assay uses a renal tubular epithelial cell called Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK). When MDCK are grown on a permeable support, tight junctions form between the cells that prevent movement of large molecules across the monolayer. If this monolayer is damaged by a test substance, the permeability barrier can be disrupted. The results of Tchao53 suggest this test may be useful for broadly classifying irritancy potential of test materials. Shaw et al.54 have also evaluated a modification of the Tchao procedure that involves exposing MDCK cells to high concentrations of test substance for short periods of time. Their results also support the potential utility of this approach.
Scientific Rationale for the Use of Single Herb Remedies in Ayurveda
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
S. Ajayan, R. Ajith Kumar, Nirmal Narayanan
Mehrbod et al. (2009) evaluated the antiviral activity of garlic extract against influenza virus in cell culture. Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells were treated with effective minimal cytotoxic concentration of garlic extract and 100 T.C.I.D.50 (50% Tissue Culture Infectious Dose) of the virus during infection at different time periods. The viral titers were determined by hemagglutination and T.C.I.D.50 assays. The antiviral effect of the extract was studied at 1, 8 and 24 hours after treatment of the culture. R.N.A. extraction, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and free band densitometry were performed to measure the amount of the viral genome synthesized at different times after treatment. It was observed that garlic extract with a good selectivity index has an inhibitory effect on the virus penetration and proliferation in cell culture. The experimental methods used for evaluating the antiviral activity of garlic extract demonstrated that this herb could be used as a potent antiviral agent. These observations are further strengthened by the report of Chavan et al. (2016) that A. sativum extracts can inhibit influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus by inhibiting viral nucleoprotein synthesis and polymerase activity.
Identification of Linear Peptide Immunogens with Verified Broad-spectrum Immunogenicity from the Conserved Regions within the Hemagglutinin Stem Domain of H1N1 Influenza Virus
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
Shuang Li, Yongbo Qiao, Yan Xu, Pengju Li, Jiaojiao Nie, Qi Zhao, Wen Chai, Yuhua Shi, Wei Kong, Yaming Shan
Madin–Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK cells) were grown adherently in the Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in a T-flask at 37°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2. A/17/California/2009/38(H1N1) (2009 H1N1) and A/17/Perth/16/2009(H3N2) (2009 H3N2) viruses, A/17/California/2009/38(H1N1) vaccine (2009 H1N1 vaccine) and A/Texas/JMM_30/2012(H3N2) vaccine (2012 H3N2 vaccine) were obtained from Changchun BCHT Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Changchun, China). HA protein from A/California/07/2009 was obtained from Sino Biological Inc. (Beijing, China). BALB/c mice (female, 8 weeks old, body weight: 18–20 g) were procured from the Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. (Changchun, China). The animal trials in this study were carried out in accordance with the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals approved by the State Council of People’s Republic of China (11–14-1988). All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Jilin University (permit number: SCXK 2013–0001).
Investigations on clonazepam-loaded polymeric micelle-like nanoparticles for safe drug administration during pregnancy
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2018
Zerrin Sezgin-Bayindir, Ayse Eser Elcin, Mahmut Parmaksiz, Yasar Murat Elcin, Nilufer Yuksel
As in the case of placental transport studies, there are also in vitro and in vivo models in brain transport studies, but cell culture models are more advantageous. Although early passages of primary brain capillary endothelial cells exhibit very similar properties to BBB. They can get contaminated and lose their properties after several passages. It is expensive and time consuming to work with primary cultures. In many publications, non-cerebral-originating epithelial cells such as MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cells are used to study BBB function. However, these cells express different transporters and there are limitations on their usage for paracellular permeability (Wilhelm et al., 2011). In the current study, the mouse brain endothelial cell line (bEnd3) was used to investigate the transport properties of CLN through BBB. The bEnd3 cells are superior and practical cell models that maintain BBB properties after passaging. The expression of the tight junction proteins ZO-1, ZO-2, occludin and claudin-5, junctional adhesion molecules, GLUT-1 and the P-glycoprotein efflux mechanism in bEnd3 cells were also shown (Li et al., 2010).
Identification of novel scaffolds to inhibit human mitotic kinesin Eg5 targeting the second allosteric binding site using in silico methods
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2018
Himesh Makala, Venkatasubramanian Ulaganathan
QikProp [22] program was used to predict the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) properties of all top ranked molecules. It predicts drug likeliness activity where the details of physically significant bioactive principles and pharmaceutically relevant properties of ligands. Principal descriptors such as log P(o/w), log HERG, Caco, MDCK and log S were analyzed. The hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of a drug molecule was explained by log P (water/octanol partition coefficient). To calculate the absorption and distribution of drugs within a body, logs (water solubility with partition coefficient) was analyzed. Vital factors like cell membrane permeability (Caco) that governs the drug metabolism and Madin–Darby Canine Kidney Cells (MDCK) property was obtained to judge the blood–brain barrier capability [23]. In current study, more than 30 chemical and biological properties were analyzed and the important ones are reported.