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Introduction to the clinical stations
Published in Sukhpreet Singh Dubb, Core Surgical Training Interviews, 2020
Testicular tumours may be primary or secondary. Primary cancers may be further split into germ cell cancers or non-germ cell. The germ-cell tumours represent the majority of primary testicular cancers and include seminoma and teratoma. Non-germ cell tumours include Leydig cell tumours. Secondary cancers include metastases such as lymphomas.
Alterations in Leydig Cell Morphology
Published in Tom O. Abney, Brooks A. Keel, The Cryptorchid Testis, 2020
Momokazu Gotoh, Koji Miyake, Hideo Mitsuya
In this chapter, morphological alterations of Leydig cells in the cryptorchid testis have been described for the fetal, prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal periods. These data are consistent with the hormonal abnormalities recognized in such patients and suggest a functional impairment of Leydig cell in terms of testosterone production. Sufficient intratesticular concentration of testosterone, namely normal Leydig cell function, is responsible for the normal development and maintenance of other testicular components such as germ cells, Sertoli cells, and the seminiferous tubular wall. Active spermatogenesis is likewise regulated by testosterone. The Leydig cell dysfunction suggested in cryptorchid testes therefore, could be closely correlated with the deficient spermatogenesis in this disorder. Since the exact nature of pathogenesis of sterility in cryptorchidism is not fully understood, the interrelationships between Leydig cell dysfunction and other testicular components is an important key subject worthy of further critical investigation.
Influence of Environmental Agents on Male Reproductive Failure
Published in Vilma R. Hunt, Kathleen Lucas-Wallace, Jeanne M. Manson, Work and the Health of Women, 2020
Leydig or interstitial cells are scattered between seminiferous tubules and are found in clusters. At the age of 9 to 10 years, Leydig cells multiply and androgen secretion increases. Leydig cells are the primary source of testosterone, which controls the functional activity of accessory sex organs and development of secondary sexual characteristics.83
Spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis disruption in a model of metabolic syndrome rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Dalila Rahali, Yosra Dallagi, Emmeline Hupkens, Gregory Veegh, Kathleen Mc Entee, Monia El Asmi, Saloua El Fazaa, Narges El Golli
In our findings, testosterone levels in the MetS group were lower than in the control group. Our results regarding the testosterone level in the MetS group are compatible with previous studies in obese and diabetic male rats (Fatani et al.2015, Xiang et al.2018). The decrease in the testosterone levels may be due to injury in the Leydig cells, where it is secreted. A previous mouse studies reported that obesity (Haffner et al.1993) and diabetes mellitus (Saad 2009, Traish et al.2009) had harmful effects on pituitary-testis axis and led to excessive oxidative stress and the degeneration of Leydig cells (Ballester et al.2004). As oxidative stress affects Leydig cells (Zhou et al.2013, Shen et al.2014), it may be presumed that MetS induced an early depression of testosterone level in our study.
The effects and molecular mechanism of heat stress on spermatogenesis and the mitigation measures
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Yuanyuan Gao, Chen Wang, Kaixian Wang, Chaofan He, Ke Hu, Meng Liang
Testes are made up of different types of cells, including germ cells and somatic cells. Germ cells are mainly divided into 5 types: spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), spermatocyte, spermatid, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells. Spermatogonium are the most susceptible, especially in the early meiosis of spermatogonium in leptotene stage, zygotene stage, pachytene stage, and the first spermatid stage (Yadav et al. 2018; Cai et al. 2021). Different germ cell types have different cellular responses to heat stress. Leydig cells are located in the interstitial part of the spermatic duct and are the main source of testosterone and other hormones. When Leydig cells are subjected to heat stress, hormone synthesis will be reduced and apoptosis of Leydig cells will be induced (Liu 2005; Tenorio et al. 2019; Zhou et al. 2019). Under heat stress, the function and morphology of Sertoli cells will be changed, and the close connection between germ cells and the blood-testis barrier will be destroyed, resulting in damage to the blood-testis barrier, affecting the phagocytosis of Sertoli cells and reducing the function of phagocytic germ cells (Escott et al. 2014; Silva et al. 2016). When the testis is stimulated by heat, it will delay the cell cycle and self-renewal of SSCs, inducing spermatocyte apoptosis and sperm DNA damage, decreased sperm count, and decreased sperm quality and activity (Cai et al. 2021).
Vitamin C and E supplementation can ameliorate NaF mediated testicular and spermatozoal DNA damages in adult Wistar rats
Published in Biomarkers, 2022
Priyankar Pal, Ayan De, Tarit Roychowdhury, Prabir Kumar Mukhopadhyay
Fluoride treatment resulted structural alterations in testis and epididymis which were seen to be protected in VC&VE supplemented rats (Figure 1). Testicular histology of control rats was characterised by compact, well oriented circular or oval shaped seminiferous tubules. Intact Leydig cells were also present between interstitial spaces of seminiferous tubules. Presence of intact germ cells at different developmental stages and abundance of spermatozoa in luminal space were also noted. Fluoride treatment resulted disarrangement of the seminiferous tubules and haphazardly presence of germ cells of different developmental stages within seminiferous tubules. Reduction of Luminal spermatozoa and disorganised Leydig cells were also noted. VC&VE supplementation caused the restoration of the histoarchitecture of testis and the said alterations were minimally present here. Application of only VC&VE exhibited the normal testicular features.