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Boron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon and Vanadium
Published in Judy A. Driskell, Ira Wolinsky, Sports Nutrition, 2005
Knowledge of the signs and symptoms of human molybdenum deficiency have come from a patient receiving prolonged total parenteral nutrition. This patient developed hypermethioninemia, hypouricemia, hyperoxypurinemia, hypouricosuria and very low sulfate excretion; these changes were exacerbated by methionine administration.94 The findings indicated defects in the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate and in uric acid production. Supplementation of the patient with ammonium molybdate improved the clinical condition, reversed the sulfur-handling defect and normalized uric acid production. Molybdenum deficiency has not been unequivocally identified in humans other than in this individual. Thus, molybdenum generally is considered to be of no practical nutritional concern for humans. Consequently, relatively little effort has been devoted to the study of the human nutritional and metabolic aspects of molybdenum.
Establishment of reference intervals of homocysteine, cysteine, and methionine in apparently healthy Chinese adults
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2022
Xueting Cui, Jieshi Xu, Mingli Liu, Guocheng Ren, Yunfeng Cao
It is well known that there are two major metabolic reactions involving Hcy, namely, remethylation and transsulfuration, and Hcy is located at the intersection of these pathways [6]. Hcy can be recycled back to Met by adding a methyl group, in the presence of vitamin B12. Hcy also condenses with serine to form cystathionine, which the latter is converted to cysteine (Cys) through vitamin B6-dependent reaction. A 6-year longitudinal study showed that the ratio of Met to Hcy was decreased in patients with dementia, which may be a modifiable risk factor for structural brain changes and incident dementia [7]. Moreover, Cys, Hcy, and Met concentrations in the blood are routinely used in the clinical diagnosis of metabolic disorders, such as cystinuria, homocystinuria, and hypermethioninemia [8–10]. Thus, in clinical practice, it is imperative to compare the test results with corresponding reference intervals to help define whether human bodies are in normal condition or not.