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Sweeteners
Published in Christopher Cumo, Ancestral Diets and Nutrition, 2020
Demand for sugars has a biological component because the mouth’s roughly 10,000 taste buds—spread among the tongue, palate, cheek, esophagus, and epiglottis—detect sweetness.32 In response to sucrose and other sugars, taste buds send neurotransmitters to the brain, which increases appetite. A hearty appetite must have benefited humans during all but recent history by enlarging the intake of calories and nutrients. Spurts of gluttony helped people survive the food scarcity that prevailed most of the time. Moreover, the craving for sweetness prodded newborns to nurse in order to ingest mother’s milk, rich in the sugar lactose (C12H22O11), which Chapters 2 and 7 described.33 Newborns and infants who gained mass stood better odds of survival upon weaning, when food became scant, than runts. American economist, historian, and 1993 Nobel laureate in economics Robert William Fogel (1926–2013) reported that mortality was higher for underweight than average infants among Trinidad and U.S. slaves.34 Avoidance of underweight—which Fogel equated with shortness absent data for mass—helped slaves in Trinidad and the American South reach adulthood.
Improving access to psychological interventions
Published in David B Cooper, Care in Mental Health—Substance Use, 2019
According to the source text of this problem a miracle was performed and all were fed, with baskets of left overs for future meals.2 If you do not believe in miracles, or if you look more closely at the texts, it might become evident that a certain amount of emergence and sharing of other skills and resources had taken place among the 5000. Someone may have asked if anyone else had any food. Others may have immediately let it be known that they had food and would share their provisions. A few people may have needed some degree of persuasion and influencing by those with skills in such matters to see the long-term benefits to themselves and others. Those with good foresight may have brought extra food. Others may have had the ability to prepare food so that a little went a long way. A few may not have been as hungry as others. People may have eaten only what they needed rather than engaged in gluttony. Some would have stood back to let others eat. Things were sorted out.
How does parenting style influence children’s behaviour?
Published in Rachel Pryke, Joe Harvey, Annabel Karmel, Weight Matters for Children, 2018
Rachel Pryke, Joe Harvey, Annabel Karmel
Today, in most western societies, cheap food is widely available, often ready prepared so that the minimum of cooking skills are required, and so rich and varied that eating has become a leisure pursuit in itself. Hunger has almost become redundant, and instead, a surrogate marker for boredom. Unless new mechanisms are introduced to control food intake, man will become increasingly prone to gluttony.
The Influence of Body Shape on Impressions of Sexual Traits
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2022
Flora Oswald, Amanda Champion, Cory L. Pedersen
Indeed, fat women’s sexuality is constructed as especially undesirable and may even be treated as a spectacle to be laughed at (Murray, 2004). Harris (1990) found fat women were described as less attractive, less likely to date, less erotic, as having lower self-esteem, and deserving of fatter and uglier partners than thin women. Similarly, Regan (1996) found fat women to be viewed as less desirable, less sexually attractive, and as experiencing less sexual desire than thin women. Fat women are also rated as experiencing less sexual pleasure (Murray, 2004). A contradictory and less-established perspective constructs fat women as sexually insatiable (Hall, 2018); this may relate to conceptualizations of fat bodies as symbols of gluttony, lack of control, and overindulgence (e.g., Murray, 2004). In some cases, women’s fat bodies are sexually fetishized, which leads to concerns regarding dehumanization (Gailey, 2012; Murray, 2004; Swami & Tovée, 2009). Though no definitive evidence of dehumanization can be drawn from the fat fetish literature, a separate practice referred to as “hogging” – preying on fat women as a form of sexual competition and humor – provides strong evidence that fat women’s sexuality is not taken seriously by some. In one study, men familiar with the practice of hogging described fat women as lonely, desperate, abnormal, and deserving of mistreatment due to their weight (Gailey & Prohaska, 2006); elsewhere, larger women are described as “easy targets” (Gailey, 2012) and devoid of sexual agency (Hall, 2018).
Positive behaviour support in frontotemporal dementia: A pilot study
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2021
Claire M. C. O’Connor, Eneida Mioshi, Cassandra Kaizik, Alinka Fisher, Michael Hornberger, Olivier Piguet
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a younger-onset dementia (onset <65 yrs), associated with changes in behaviour and/or language that present challenges for families and support staff, and impact the individuals’ relationships and community participation. Behavioural-variant FTD (bvFTD) and semantic dementia (SD) are the two subtypes of FTD where challenging behaviours most commonly occur (Hodges, 2001; O’Connor et al., 2016; Rosen et al., 2006). These behaviours are those that may be difficult to manage, impact negatively on the person or their environment, and often result in high levels of burden in carers or family members (Andrews, 2006; Mioshi et al., 2013). Common changes observed in FTD include disinhibition, apathy, changed eating behaviours, loss of insight, compulsive behaviour, and impulsivity (Shinagawa, 2013; Snowden et al., 2001), some of which are subtype-specific. For instance, changes in eating behaviours differ in bvFTD and SD, where individuals with bvFTD may be likely to experience gluttony and be indiscriminate around food, while individuals with SD may be more likely to demonstrate specific and rigid daily routines around food (Snowden et al., 2001). Nevertheless, individuals with SD and bvFTD share many behaviour changes, such as disinhibition and stereotypical behaviours (O’Connor et al., 2016).
Desire and the City: The Freedom and Tyranny of Being Human
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2021
Desire, then, is both that which humanizes and, at the very same time, that which dehumanizes. Look to the examples offered in the preceding. Each of the useless pleasures that distinguishes me from my animal counterpart is also a form of vice. Gluttony, sloth, lust, greed—which deadly sin isn’t connected with desire, which isn’t just another guise for desire itself? Elsewhere I have argued that the Eros of Freud is simply Thanatos by another name. Desire is the death-drive (Clemente, 2019, pp. 143–159). My insatiable appetite for more cannot but lead to destruction—be it the destruction of others who stand between me and my desires or the self-destruction that comes from me giving myself over to my desires. The danger of desire, then, for both society and the individual is the political problem. All other problems stem from it. But how should we address this danger? What does it mean for the human person to attempt to address desire? Can desire be reined in, can it be managed, without sacrificing the human person thereby?