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Optimizing Physiology and Body Composition; Determining the Optimal Weight Category
Published in Charles Paul Lambert, Physiology and Nutrition for Amateur Wrestling, 2020
The death of three previously healthy collegiate wrestlers from November 7th–December 9th, 1997 as a result of rapid weight loss practices brought into light the potentially life threatening nature of “weight-cutting” as practiced in US amateur wrestling. So, more importantly than not being advantageous to optimal wrestling performance, rapid weight loss has the potential to be life threatening to you if you are a wrestler or to your wrestlers if you are a coach. Regardless of the amount of weight lost there are potential risks. First, there are possibly genetic factors that make one individual more susceptible to dehydration/heat illness than another. Thus, because of these genetic factors, some individuals may have problems at lower levels of dehydration and/or lower levels of hyperthermia (increased environmental and hence body temperature) than others. Another factor that comes into play regarding a wrestler’s ability to tolerate exercise in the heat is that the level of heat acclimatization. This simply means how adapted is the individual to exercise in the heat. Adaptation comes from repeated exposures to the heat and exercising in the heat over the course of days and weeks. Thus, at the beginning of the season or when it is a wrestler’s first time trying to make a given weight, they may be more susceptible to problems related to the heat and dehydration than later in the season.
Beach lifeguard first aid
Published in Mike Tipton, Adam Wooler, The Science of Beach Lifeguarding, 2018
No studies were identified specific to the treatment of hyperthermia (heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke) in the lifeguard setting. Guidelines are extrapolated from pre-hospital and emergency department data. Heat illness can be caused by exposure to elevated environmental temperatures, especially with coexistent exertion. Consideration should be given to medical causes such as diabetes, heart disease and medication side effects in patients with non-exertional heat illness. All patients considered to have any heat-related illness should be removed from the exposure to a cooler environment. Patients with heat cramps will require only additional support from salt-containing beverages for oral rehydration. Heat exhaustion should additionally be treated with cooling fans, misting devices or ice packs and transfer to emergency medical services. Heatstroke, as characterized by heat illness with altered mental status or other neurologic deficit, is a life-threatening emergency and should be aggressively treated by any means possible. If the heatstroke is associated with a collapse in peripheral blood flow, cooling will have to be via conductive cooling by immersion in a bath of cold water. Patients with a viable peripheral circulation can be cooled by wetting with misting devices or copious amounts of water and evaporative cooling with fans.
Water and hydration in the workplace *
Published in Jamie Bartram, Rachel Baum, Peter A. Coclanis, David M. Gute, David Kay, Stéphanie McFadyen, Katherine Pond, William Robertson, Michael J. Rouse, Routledge Handbook of Water and Health, 2015
In order to prevent heat-related illness and fatalities, workers should drink water every 15 minutes, even if not thirsty, and employers should provide cold water and disposable cups in convenient locations close to work areas. In addition, workers should rest in the shade to cool down when needed and wear a hat and light-colored clothing. It is vital to know the signs of heat illness and what to do in an emergency, and keep an eye on fellow workers for signs or symptoms of heat-related stress. “Easy does it” on the first days of work in the heat in order to get used to it should be encouraged. If workers are new to working in the heat or returning from more than a week off, and for all workers on the first day of a sudden heat wave, a work schedule should be implemented to allow them to get used to the heat gradually.
Health vs. wealth: Employer, employee and policy-maker perspectives on occupational heat stress across multiple European industries
Published in Temperature, 2021
Nathan B. Morris, Miriam Levi, Marco Morabito, Alessandro Messeri, Leonidas G. Ioannou, Andreas D. Flouris, George Samoutis, Tjaša Pogačar, Lučka Kajfež Bogataj, Jacob F. Piil, Lars Nybo
In the post-presentation questionnaire of the present study, the main answers provided were asking for information on less studied sectors, the various different factors that put certain people at greater risk for heat illnesses as well as how heat illness is confounded by other predisposing conditions, heat health warning systems, what health metrics could be monitored to ensure worker safety, and how heat affects fatigue and cognition. This is consistent with previous work with Australian occupational hygienists, where 61% of respondents thought that there was a need to increase heat-related training in the workplace [14]. Specifically in that study, the methods reported for how to improve the mitigation of OH-Stress included hydration maintenance, self-pacing, heat acclimatization, identifying early symptoms of heat illness, impact of personal protective equipment on human body heat balance maintenance, individual heat risk factors e.g. predisposing medical conditions, lifestyle, fitness level, annual training prior to hot seasons [14].
Use of the heat tolerance test to assess recovery from exertional heat stroke
Published in Temperature, 2019
Katherine M. Mitchell, Samuel N. Cheuvront, Michelle A. King, Thomas A. Mayer, Lisa R. Leon, Robert W. Kenefick
The combination of increased metabolic heat production and exposure to hot environmental conditions increases susceptibility to exertional heat illness. There can be confusion regarding the relationship among the categories of heat illnesses (exhaustion, injury, and stroke). It is important to understand that one illness does not “progress” into the next (Figure 1). However, within each category of illness, there is a spectrum of severity which can contribute to difficulty in diagnosis because signs and symptoms of each illness can overlap. True forms of heat illness include heat exhaustion, heat injury, and heat stroke. Less severe conditions, such as miliaria rubra (heat rash) and heat syncope are often inappropriately grouped with other heat related illnesses because of their tendency to occur in warm environments. Heat exhaustion is generally thought of as a moderate form of heat illness in which elevated body temperature and reduced organ perfusion result in fatigue. Organ damage and central nervous system dysfunction with heat exhaustion are absent or extremely mild and recovery occurs rapidly with the cessation of heat stress. Exertional heat injury is a more severe form of heat illness that presents with reversible organ damage. The most severe, and potentially lethal, form of heat injury is heat stroke, which is characterized by profound central nervous system dysfunction in combination with severe hyperthermia and often with end organ damage.
Indicators to assess physiological heat strain – Part 3: Multi-country field evaluation and consensus recommendations
Published in Temperature, 2022
Leonidas G. Ioannou, Lydia Tsoutsoubi, Konstantinos Mantzios, Maria Vliora, Eleni Nintou, Jacob F. Piil, Sean R. Notley, Petros C. Dinas, George A. Gourzoulidis, George Havenith, Matt Brearley, Igor B. Mekjavic, Glen P. Kenny, Lars Nybo, Andreas D. Flouris
Identifying the most efficacious meteo-based TSI is critical since occupational heat stress affects workers’ health and productivity [1,14,15,23–25]. Working under occupational heat stress conditions leads to progressive rises in core temperature, cardiovascular strain, and fluid depletion, which can have acute and chronic effects, and may lead to heat stroke or death [1,26–28]. Also, meta-analytic data shows that 30% of individuals who work under heat stress report productivity losses [1] with potentially large spill over effects on the entire economy [29]. In the coming decades, individuals working in currently temperate climates may be at risk for heat illness on nearly 40 days/year [30].