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Transportation medicine
Published in Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones, Simpson's Forensic Medicine, 2019
Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones
Changes in the way in which established sports are undertaken or the introduction of new sports, may introduce new or different patterns of injury. Rowing has had a growth in popularity, particularly open-water and coastal rowing. This may affect the pattern of musculoskeletal and back injuries recorded. Kitesurfing is a relatively new sport and kite surfers are at risk of injury in a number of ways. Research has shown that the injury rates may be influenced by the nature of the kitesurf equipment used.
A to Z Entries
Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
Acute injuries to the lower back can occur in many sports and are often related to the ballistic (explosive) movements involved. The lower back is particularly vulnerable when it is hyperextended, laterally flexed, and rotated and has a load applied to it. For example, in racquet sports, serving and playing shots while the spine is in this position can lead to muscular strains in the lower back. Weight lifting and weight training also place the back at risk of injury, particularly when heavy lifts are involved. Back injuries are often associated with poor technique or trying to lift too heavy a weight. Among the most common back injuries are spondylolysis (stress fracture of the vertebral arch), spondylosis (degeneration of an intervertebral disc) and spondylolisthesis (anterior misalignment of a vertebra resulting from a bilateral spondylolysis).
Nutrition for Amputees
Published in Elizabeth Broad, Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes, 2019
The improper fit of prostheses can result in lower coordination of muscle groups and increased susceptibility of sport-related muscle pain. Back injuries are also common with upper-extremity amputations and occur predominantly at the cervical and thoracic spine. These injuries are attributed to imbalance, unequal movements and compensatory strategies of limbs during physical activity or daily walking. On the other hand, lower-limb amputations are also associated with low back pain due to excessive lumbar spine lateral flexion, extension and rotation at the trunk as a compensatory mechanism. For example, an athlete who is walking forward may prefer to twist their neck or back to look to the side or behind them to avoid taking extra steps or changing directions quickly while ambulating with prosthetics. Particular attention should be focused on core and back strengthening and flexibility to alleviate these problems.
Distribution and risk factors for stress fractures in competitive figure skaters and association with acute fractures
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2023
Thomas Andrew Naylor, Samuel Naylor
Like previous studies, a high rate of tibia, ankle, and foot fractures was demonstrated. However, there were also much higher rates of upper limb and back injuries reported than expected as this is an area not previously highlighted [1,4,9,15]. A recent study did identify that female skaters are at risk of lower back injuries, although not specifically lumbar stress fractures [16]. Back injuries are known to be a site of frequent injury in gymnastics [17] and more recently figure skaters are expected to demonstrate greater flexibility, especially in spinal flexion and extension, which may be related to increased injury rate. It is worth noting that ice dancers, who do not perform jump elements, also reported similarly high rates of stress fractures when compared to other disciplines, therefore the causative factor cannot be isolated as jumping/falling.
Role of whole-body vibration exposure and posture of dumper operators in musculoskeletal disorders: a case study in metalliferous mines
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
R. Upadhyay, V. Jaiswal, A. Bhattacherjee, A. K. Patra
Poor and long-term seated postures are also known to contribute to the development of back injuries. Back or neck flexion as well as trunk or cervical torsion may result in localized stress, which can contribute to MSDs [16,17]. During HEMM motion, the body is subjected to different forces like accelerations and decelerations, lateral swaying and whole-body up and down vibrations. In addition, while driving, the feet are actively used for accelerating and braking, and cannot be used to support and stabilize the lower body. There is evidence that the combination of these factors such as vibrations/jerks, poor design of the operator’s seat and awkward posture of an operator can increase the chance of LBP [18]. Increase in vibration amplitude results in an increase in discomfort level. These vibrations after a certain amount of time can oscillate at a frequency that can relax and sedate the muscles, and therefore the muscles need to work extra hard to provide support to the body stature [19]. Postures taken by an operator, while sitting and driving, determine the comfort level. Improper body posture creates pressure points in the body, which ultimately degrade the operator’s health and lead to various MSDs. Poor working posture includes stooping, outstretched arms, twisting and fixed/static postures. Adverse environmental conditions, poor machine maintenance and poor ergonomic design of the workplace exacerbate this. Therefore, assessment of proper posture while sitting becomes a necessity for HEMM operators as they are continuously exposed to vibrations.
Update on injury epidemiology in rowing: our experience with female NCAA Division I athletes and a systematic review of the literature
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2022
Joshua Treloar, Ioanna K Bolia, Andre Anvari, Kevin Collon, Rae Lan, Jennifer A Bell, Russ Romano, Frank A Petrigliano, Seth C Gamradt, Alexander E Weber
This was a combined study reporting injury epidemiology data from a single team of female NCAA Division I rowers and the results of a systematic review of the literature focusing on studies reporting the epidemiology of injuries at one or more specific anatomic locations in rowers. Based on the institutional data, the most commonly observed injuries in rowing athletes were lower back injuries, rib injuries, and injuries to the hip and groin. A similar injury profile was identified in the systematic review where lower back injuries were reported with the highest frequency (80% of the studies), followed by injuries to the ribs (40% of the studies). There was notable heterogeneity among the included articles related to injury reporting methodologies used including the definition of injury, the measure of injury occurrence, and the description of the anatomic site of injury.