China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Gastroenterology
Published in Anna Kowalewski, SBAs and EMQs in Surgery for Medical Students, 2021
Erythema multiforme is an acute, self- limiting hypersensitivity skin reaction caused by infections and medications. The lesions are described as target lesions. Target lesions are circular with a central blister. In Crohn’s disease, the patient is most likely to suffer from erythema nodosum, which is an inflammation of the fat under the skin (panniculitis). It manifests itself as red nodules, most often over the patient’s shins.
Immunologically mediated skin disorders
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
The eruption develops over a few days and resolves in 2–3 weeks. Repeated attacks are associated with recurrent herpes simplex. In the more common mild form, EM minor, macules, papules or wheals, and classical ‘target or iris’ lesions are seen symmetrically on the distal extremities (Figure 5.3). A target lesion has three zones – a central area of dusky erythema or purpura, a middle paler zone, and an outer well-defined ring of erythema. Mucous membranes may show erosions or bullae. In the less common severe form, EM major, a more extensive skin and mucosal involvement with systemic symptoms may be seen.
Proflavine
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
A 24-year-old Chinese man had applied proflavine lotion to an abrasion on his left leg and developed a rash the next day. Purpura and blisters appeared 5 days later and similar lesions developed centrifugally on areas where the proflavine had not been applied. Clinical examination showed a purpuric, vesiculobullous eruption and eczematous lesions on the left leg and knee. Several target lesions were seen. The rest of the body was normal. A biopsy showed changes of bullous erythema multiforme with capillaritis. When patch tested, a ++ reaction was observed to proflavine 0.5% pet. (11).
An update on locoregional percutaneous treatment technologies in colorectal cancer liver metastatic disease
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Stavros Spiliopoulos, Ornella Moschovaki-Zeiger, Akshay Sethi, George Festas, Lazaros Reppas, Dimitris Filippiadis, Nikolaos Kelekis
A plethora of variables influence the success of ablation procedures. These include but are not limited to: tumor size and quantity; tumor location; RAS mutation status; previous hepatectomy; and extrahepatic disease. A prerequisite for a successfully performed, locally curative ablative procedure is an ablation zone with clear margins (A0), which necessitates careful lesion selection. Lesion size is one of the most important parameters. According to currently established research, the size of the target lesion is a reliable predictor of post-ablation local recurrence, which affects disease-free survival. A total of 5 metastases with a diameter less than 3 cm were proposed as permissible indications, even though the ideal target is a single lesion of 3 cm in diameter (the optimal target) [11,44]. Local tumor control and progression-free survival rates in the liver are strongly impacted by the safety margin, which must be at least 5 millimeters wide to be effective. Calandri et al., however, suggested that 10-millimeter safety margins are linked with maintained long-term local tumor progression-free survival rates of >95% [50].
Microwave ablation combined with anti-PD-1 therapy enhances systemic antitumor immunity in a multitumor murine model of Hepa1-6
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Songjiang Huang, Tongqiang Li, Yang Chen, Jiacheng Liu, Yingliang Wang, Chongtu Yang, Chaoyang Wang, Shuguang Ju, Yaowei Bai, Wei Yao, Bin Xiong
Our study has some limitations that need to be noted. First, the experimental model was not an in situ hepatocellular carcinoma model, this means that more tests are needed to generalize the findings to the real immune environment of patients with liver cancer. Second, the target lesion ablated was not evaluated. Although complete ablation was performed to the extent possible, post-ablation tumor residuals are inevitable, and evaluation of residual lesions lacks some technical feasibility. More importantly, this is not the main objective of this study. Third, for the combination of MWA and anti-PD-1 treatment in chronological order, we chose one of them, i.e., postoperative combination with anti-PD-1 treatment. In fact, the difference in the effect of different combination modalities on the outcome may not be negligible. This is to be further confirmed in future preclinical and clinical studies. Finally, antitumor immunity may vary considerably depending on the tumor host system. Therefore, the immune effects of MWA and anti-PD-1 treatment should be verified in other animal models.
Exploratory analysis of tumor imaging in a Phase 2 trial with cabozantinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumor: lessons learned from study EORTC STBSG 1317 ‘CaboGIST’
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2022
Anastasios Kyriazoglou, Pieter Jespers, Vincent Vandecavaye, Olivier Mir, Bernd Kasper, Zsuzsanna Papai, Jean-Yves Blay, Antoine Italiano, Facundo Zaffaroni, Saskia Litière, Axelle Nzokirantevye, Patrick Schöffski
Our data indicate differences between local and central RECIST version 1.1 assessment, which is often observed in clinical trials which include both evaluations. We found a 37% discrepancy between local and central RECIST version 1.1 assessment in this GIST trial. The central reviewer upgraded the response to cabozantinib by identifying only 6 patients with PD as the best response at weeks 6/12 of treatment, compared to 13 progressing patients with local assessment. Evaluable patients who showed clinical benefit (SD + PR + CR) at week 12 were 70% using the local and 86% with central analysis, supporting the final conclusion of the CaboGIST trial that cabozantinb is an active agent in patients progressing on imatinib and sunitinib. The reasons of the discrepancies described are difficult to be explained. As mentioned above, the variability in the selection of target lesions between local and central investigators might be a critical factor. In our analysis, the central investigator was not aware of the target lesions used for local assessment. This highlights the complexity of imaging assessment especially in patients with many lesions. Further, it should be mentioned that the clinical assessment of a patient from the local investigators may be a factor of bias in the evaluation of target lesion measurements. However, the analysis performed did not reveal any obvious reasons for this discrepancy.