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Thrombophlebitis/Superficial Vein Thrombosis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Thrombophlebitis is an inflammation of a superficial vein wall causing a clot, or thrombus formation. Most cases of superficial vein thrombosis occur in the legs (e.g., long or short saphenous veins) in association with varicosities. In the upper extremity, the condition can develop after use of an IV line or other trauma to the vein wall. Pain, warmth, swelling, and tenderness are often present over the clot site. Superficial thrombophlebitis is generally a benign and short-term condition. Symptoms typically resolve in one to two weeks.1 Most times, treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis is directed to managing pain and inflammation.2
Venous Thrombosis
Published in Hau C. Kwaan, Meyer M. Samama, Clinical Thrombosis, 2019
Gary E. Raskob, Russell D. Hull
The clinical manifestations of superficial thrombophlebitis include tenderness, erythema, and/or a palpable thrombus or “cord”. Superficial thrombophlebitis frequently occurs in varicosities or may be associated with long-term indwelling catheters, repeated intermittent intravenous injection (e.g., in intravenous drug abusers), or with a clinically evident systemic illness (such as systemic lupus erythematosis, malignancy, or vasculitis).
Vascular
Published in Michael Gaunt, Tjun Tang, Stewart Walsh, General Surgery Outpatient Decisions, 2018
For those patients who have undergone EVLA, VNUS® or sclerotherapy, late com plications include local skin ulceration due to extravasation of sclerosant (slow to heal but no specific treatment). Superficial thrombophlebitis is caused by a clot in the vein due to inadequate compression. The clot can be aspirated under local anaesthetic. If there is an allergic skin rash to the bandage put a cotton stocking under the bandage. Nerve damage is usually transitory. Skin staining mostly fades with time.
The availability of new drugs for hemophilia treatment
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2020
Massimo Morfini, Emanuela Marchesini
Phase 1 study (Explorer 1) was conducted in patients with severe hemophilia A and B and healthy volunteers. The study was a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, dose-escalation trial. In each dose cohort, trial participants were randomized 3:1 to receive a single dose of Concizumab (n = 3) or placebo (n = 1). Following drug administration, patients were seen regularly, and samples were collected for pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety assessments. Fifty-two subjects (28 healthy male volunteers and 24 hemophilia patients, 21 with hemophilia A and 3 with hemophilia B) were enrolled and randomized to treatment or placebo. During the trial, there were no reports of serious adverse events (SAEs). Five of the other reported AEs were possibly or probably treatment-related, including two in the placebo group and three in the Concizumab group. The latter included a single episode of a short segment of superficial thrombophlebitis in a healthy volunteer. Concizumab was detected in plasma up to 43 days after dosing. There were no differences in the PK profiles between healthy volunteers and hemophilia subjects. A dose-dependent pro-coagulant response as assessed by D-dimer and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 levels was seen. The steepest increase was observed in healthy volunteers following IV administration. Importantly, hemophilia patients showed similar D-dimer responses compared with healthy volunteers when they received an approximately 36-fold higher dose of Concizumab [67].
Relevance of antiphospholipid antibody profile in the clinical outcome of ITP: a single-centre study
Published in Hematology, 2019
Luca Frison, Annamaria Lombardi, Ilaria Caputo, Gianpietro Semenzato, Fabrizio Fabris, Fabrizio Vianello
The rate of thrombotic events was higher in the treated group compared to untreated subjects although it did not reach statistical significance (17.4% vs 7.1%, p = ns). When considering therapeutic agents, only the use of immunosuppressors (azathioprine, ciclosporine, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, vincristine) was associated with a higher rate of thrombosis (80% vs 28.1%, p = .024). Furthermore, although steroid use did not affect rate of thrombosis, all subjects who experienced thrombosis were on steroid therapy at a significantly higher dosage than subjects who did not develop thrombotic episodes (mean dosage 33 ± 5.9 mg vs 8.3 ± 0.8 mg die; p < .001). All subjects who experience thrombosis had platelet count >50 × 109/L at the time of the thrombotic event. One subject who was on eltrombopag therapy developed two sequential episodes of upper arm superficial thrombophlebitis when platelet count raised >100 × 109/L.
Behçet’s disease; A rare refractory patient with vena cava superior syndrome treated with infliximab: a case report and review of the literature
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2019
Oguz Abdullah Uyaroglu, Abdulsamet Erden, Levent Kilic, Bora Peynircioğlu, Omer Karadag, Umut Kalyoncu
The main predictors of mortality and morbidity in BD are vascular manifestations. Vascular involvement varies from 1.8 to 51.6% of BD patients according to the ethnicity of the population [10]. BD is also classified among vasculitis but it differs from others because of affecting all types and sizes of blood vessels [11]. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and superficial thrombophlebitis are the most frequent manifestations of major vascular involvement in BD [12]. Inferior or superior vena cava, hepatic veins, cerebral venous sinuses, and the right side of the heart are common places of venous involvement. Arterial lesions are usually aneurysms or occlusions/stenosis [13].