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Introduction to dermatological diagnosis
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Loss of some or all of the epidermis results in an erosion, which will heal without scarring. Erosions can be due to a blister that has burst or superficial trauma. Loss of dermis (from any cause) will result in an ulcer, which will heal with scar tissue formation. Splitting of the skin (fissure) is due to abnormal keratinisation.
Prevention and Treatment of Dermatological Secondary Effects of Cancer Therapy
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
Among the most common symptoms and signs are alopecia and modifications of hair, eyebrows and body hair, acneiform eruptions, toxic erythema due to chemotherapy, acute radiodermatitis and chronic radiodermatitis caused by radiation therapy, skin fissures, hyperkeratosis, hypersensitivity, photosensitivity, changes in pigmentation, mucositis (which can affect all mucous membranes), nail changes, cutaneous xerosis, and induced cutaneous tumors [2].
Foot Care
Published in Susan Carmody, Sue Forster, Nursing Older People, 2017
For people with diabetes mellitus, apparently trivial foot conditions take on even greater significance. An untreated ingrown toenail or corn can lead to ulceration, infection, and even amputation. Untreated calluses are a common precursor to plantar ulcers (Murray et al. 1996), and the presence of skin fissures or ingrown toenails can double the risk of lower limb amputation (Flores-Rivera 1998).
High-intensity focused ultrasound therapy for pediatric and adolescent vulvar lichen sclerosus
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, and its etiology is unclear and complex. It has a bimodal starting age, in prepubertal and postmenopausal age groups. There is a clear peak of incidence in girls aged four to six years old, which represents 7–15% of all VLS cases [1]. The main clinical manifestations are vulvar pruritus, irritation and pain, bleeding due to skin fissures and constipation [2,3]. Urinary tract symptoms, including dysuria, holding urine for fear of voiding and overflow incontinence may also be presenting features [4]. VLS has also been associated with a reduced quality of life among premenarchal girls. Since the symptoms of VLS can mimic other conditions, it is often initially misdiagnosed [5], and its diagnosis in girls is often delayed by an average of 1–2 years from the onset of symptoms to a final diagnosis. However, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in improving symptoms and reducing the long-term sequelae of scarring.
The roles of epidermal growth factor receptor in viral infections
Published in Growth Factors, 2022
However, there are several limitations of targeting EGFR. For example, EGFR is not the sole host factor that facilitates viral infection. It was reported that the involvement of other receptor tyrosine kinase like c-Met in IAV entry, indicating that the antiviral effect of EGFR-targeted therapy alone might not be clinically significant. However, the studies on in combination therapy of EGFR inhibitors with antiviral drugs or other host factor inhibitors are limited. In addition, several adverse effects of EGFR inhibitors have been reported. Skin toxicity is a common side effect associated with anti-EGFR therapy. A range of dermatological symptoms, including rash, acneiform, skin fissures and xerosis have been observed and these symptoms adversely impact the quality of life and treatment compliance (Kozuki 2016). Furthermore, adverse renal events, including electrolyte disorders and acute kidney injury are observed in patients treated with EGFR inhibitors (Jhaveri et al. 2017). Application of gefitinib in patients with NSCLC has been reported to induce interstitial lung disease (Hong et al. 2016).
Rapid, persistent, and simultaneous remission of urticaria and severe atopic dermatitis after treatment with omalizumab
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Ester Del Duca, Maria Esposito, Stefania Lechiancole, Alessandro Giunta, Luca Bianchi
A 32-year-old woman arrived at our clinic for urticaria not controlled by high dose of antihistamines. She suffered from widespread hives that have been presented for 6 months resistant to cetirizine 20 mg BID for 2 months and oral betamethasone 4 mg daily in decalage for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the therapy was reinforced adding rupatadine 10 mg once a day for 1 month without improvement. She reported also AD since the age of 10 treated with topical triamcinolone acetonide cream and emollients without any benefits. At the dermatological evaluation, we assessed the presence of widespread xerosis, flexural eczema, skin fissures involving perioral area and hands, hyperlinear palms and erythematous, lichenification of the neck area. Moreover, we identified a widespread erythema of trunk and limbs characterized by edematous, well-defined bordered wheals.