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Chemical Permeation through Disposable Gloves
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
The use of disinfectants is widespread in healthcare for cleaning surfaces and objects, sterilizing instruments, and skin disinfection. Gloves are to be used for preventing contact with disinfectants, as they may cause allergic and irritant reactions.21–25 Common agents in disinfectants are ethyl alcohol, 2-propyl alcohol (isopropyl alcohol), formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine gluconate, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, and povidone-iodine. The use of hydro-alcoholic gels with gloves, and its relevance to infection control and COVID-19, are discussed further in Chapter 27.
Nosocomial Infections Caused by Acinetobacter spp. — Therapeutic Problems
Published in E. Bergogne-Bénézin, M.L. Joly-Guillou, K.J. Towner, Acinetobacter, 2020
The respiratory tract and wounds are the main sources of nosocomial bacteraemia caused by Acinetobacter spp. Bacteraemia without an identifiable focus of infection is infrequent. In contrast to some other organisms, intravenous catheters are rarely involved (Tilley and Roberts, 1994). An active ß-Lactam, associated if possible with an aminoglycoside, is the accepted regimen for the treatment of Acinetobacter bacteraemia. In addition, since the skin is the portal of entry of Acinetobacter in burn patients, skin disinfection is recommended in this setting.
Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Published in Tom Cecil, John Bunni, Akash Mehta, A Practical Guide to Peritoneal Malignancy, 2019
After induction of general anaesthesia, with insertion of central venous access, arterial line, epidural catheter and transurethral urinary catheter, the patient is placed in a lithotomy position. Prevention of thrombo-embolic events during these lengthy procedures in this position is achieved by application of mechanical compression boots. Skin disinfection is performed from the nipples down to the perineum. After placement of surgical drapes, all necessary equipment is positioned and connected, including, but not limited to: Standard handheld monopolar diathermyHigh-power, ball tip diathermyStandard suctionSmoke evacuationHandheld energy devices (e.g. LigaSureTM), if deemed appropriateLarge wet swabs top and bottom of surgical field to place diathermy and avoid burns
Awake thoracic epidural anesthesia for uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic pleural decortication: A prospective randomized trial
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2022
Mohamed Rabeea, Esam Abdalla, Hussein Elkhayat, Fatma Nabil
The patient was placed in the lateral decubitus position where the operation side down. To ensure aseptic condition, back skin disinfection was done twice with chlorhexidine in 70% alcohol. After local infiltration of the skin with lignocaine 2%, an 18-gauge Tuohy needle was introduced at any level between T4-T6 intervertebral spaces to detect the epidural space using the loss of resistance method then an epidural catheter was advanced in cephalic direction. A test dose of 3 ml of lignocaine 2% was administered first to be followed by 5 ml of bupivacaine 0.5% with 100 µg of fentanyl. Five minutes later, another 5 ml of bupivacaine 0.5% was given to achieve sensory and motor block between T1 and T9 levels to maintain diaphragmatic function. The sensory dermatomal block was mapped with ice.
The Effectiveness of Jet (Needle-Free) Injector to Provide Anesthesia in Child Circumcision under Local Anesthesia
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
MadaJet XL® (QTY 1 MODEL 401, USA) Medical Injector was used for injection of local anesthetic in jet injector group (Figure 2A). Approximately 3 ml of adrenaline-free lidocaine (Jetokain simplex ampoule containing 20 mg of Lidocaine in 1 ml, Adeka, Turkey) was placed in the chamber of the sterilized device in the autoclave. The drug was sprayed by pressing the trigger of the injector 3–4 times to check the mechanism before proceeding circumcision. Skin disinfection was performed with povidone- iodine. Jet injector was pressed tightly to the skin and the local anesthetic drug was applied circumferentially to the penis root. The anesthetic drug was delivered at 90 degrees to the dorsal and lateral sides of the penis and at 30 degrees to the ventral aspect of the penis so as to protect the urethra (Figure 2B). The mechanism of the jet injector was activated for a total of 6–8 times by firing one shot which delivers nearly 0.1 ml (2 mg) lidocaine at a time and about 5 millimeter intervals. In conventional needle group, 2 mg/kg lidocaine was circumferentially injected to the penis root with a 25 gauge needlen tip.
Outcome of antenatal invasive diagnostic tests in a fetal medicine unit with low case load in North Wales, United Kingdom
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
All procedures were done trans-abdominally under direct ultrasound guidance and by continuous visualisation of the needle, as should be the standard practice worldwide. CVSs were done between 11 and 15 weeks of gestation and all amniocentesis were done after 15 weeks of gestation. CVS was done using Echotip® 18 G (15 cm) needle and amniocentesis was done using Echotip® 21 G (15 cm) needle (Cook Medical Inc., Bloomington, IN). Skin disinfection was carried out according to the Health Board policy on infection control. No antibiotic prophylaxis was given after the procedures. Rhesus negative women received a prophylactic dose of 250–500 IU anti-D depending upon the prevailing guidelines in the health board.