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Bacterial and Atypical Mycobacterial Infections
Published in Clay J. Cockerell, Antoanella Calame, Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Disease, 2012
Kumar Krishnan, Antoanella Calame, Clay J. Cockerell
Pitted keratolysis (PK) is a cutaneous infection commonly found on weight bearing areas such as the plantar aspect of the foot (31, 32), caused by one of several gram-positive organisms. While the etiological agent remains elusive, there is an association with Corynebacterium species, Micrococcus (Kytococcus) sedentarius, and Dermatophilus congolensis. The micro-organisms cause a characteristic crateriform lesion measuring 1–7 mm in size. The individual lesions may coalesce to form larger pits.
Principles of Clinical Diagnosis
Published in Susan Bayliss Mallory, Alanna Bree, Peggy Chern, Illustrated Manual of Pediatric Dermatology, 2005
Susan Bayliss Mallory, Alanna Bree, Peggy Chern
Takama H, Tamada Y, Yano K, et al. Pitted keratolysis: clinical manifestations in 53 cases. Br J Dermatol 1997; 137: 282–5 Cat scratch disease
Randomized, controlled trial testing the effectiveness and safety of 2.5% and 5% benzoyl peroxide for the treatment of pitted keratolysis
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Charussri Leeyaphan, Pichaya Limphoka, Rungsima Kiratiwongwan, Punyawee Ongsri, Sumanas Bunyaratavej
Pitted keratolysis (PK) is a common skin disease caused by various Gram-positive bacteria, including Corynebacterium species, Kytococcus sedentarius, Dermophilus congolensis, and Actinomyces species (1–3). These bacteria create small tunnels in the stratum corneum, resulting in pitted lesions in the plantar areas (1,3). This condition is frequently accompanied by malodorous feet (2,4,5) and is commonly found among young male adults, especially soldiers, miners, and athletes (3,4). The prevalence of PK among naval cadets has been reported to be 38.7% (4). The predisposing factors for PK are pedal hyperhidrosis and prolonged foot occlusion (5). Although this condition is generally not painful, PK and foot odor present adverse effects on patients’ quality of life (6).
Cost-effectiveness analysis and safety of erythromycin 4% gel and 4% chlorhexidine scrub for pitted keratolysis treatment
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2019
Charussri Leeyaphan, Sumanas Bunyaratavej, Suthira Taychakhoonavudh, Nattanichcha Kulthanachairojana, Penvadee Pattanaprichakul, Pattriya Chanyachailert, Punyawee Ongsri, Sittiroj Arunkajohnsak, Pichaya Limphoka, Kanokvalai Kulthanan
Pitted keratolysis (PK) leads to clusters of punched-out pits on soles and is often accompanied by foot odor (1,2). This disease is more commonly found in industrial workers, farmers, soldiers, and sailors, especially in tropical countries (3–7). Wearing closed shoes was associated in the development of PK which may be due to their occlusion and high humidity. Moreover, those who have plantar hyperhidrosis may be more predisposed to obtain PK (8,9). Our previous study found PK had negative impact on patients’ quality of life then we conduct this study to further elucidate about PK treatment (10). A literature review confirmed that evidence-based studies on the best therapeutic options for PK treatment are limited. Topical antibiotics such as an erythromycin solution as well as topical benzoyl peroxide have had good outcomes. In the case of extensive lesions, oral erythromycin or clindamycin have been recommended to reduce the duration of topical treatment (4,6,7,10,11), but long periods of antibiotic usage may increase the incidence of antibiotic resistance.