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Basic Thermal Physiology: What Processes Lead to the Temperature Distribution on the Skin Surface
Published in Kurt Ammer, Francis Ring, The Thermal Human Body, 2019
The thermoregulatory response is the main, but not the only cause of sweat production. Many diseases are associated with sweating and may lead to generalized, regional or focal hyperhidrosis due to increased sweat gland activity [77] (Table 3.14). The thermoregulatory function is rarely compromised in pathological sweating.
Botulinum toxin in the management of focal hyperhidrosis
Published in Anthony V. Benedetto, Botulinum Toxins in Clinical Aesthetic Practice, 2017
David M. Pariser, DeeAnna Glaser
Hyperhidrosis simply describes excess sweating beyond that necessary for physiological thermoregulation and homeostasis.6 Problems can occur within any portion of the system: from the hypothalamus to the sweat gland or duct.2 The amount of sweat necessary to be considered “excessive” is not well-defined and is variable between individuals. Patients with HH do not demonstrate any histopathologic changes in their sweat glands, nor are there any changes in the numbers of sweat glands.7
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) sympathectomy
Published in Larry R. Kaiser, Sarah K. Thompson, Glyn G. Jamieson, Operative Thoracic Surgery, 2017
Young K. Hong, M. Blair Marshall
Hyperhidrosis is a condition characterized by excess secretion from eccrine sweat glands that are stimulated by acetylcholine released from postganglionic neurons. Although not life threatening, hyperhidrosis can be psychologically traumatic and socially disabling for the individual. Topical creams and lotions are usually ineffective and are accompanied by side effects that are intolerable for most. Iontophoresis—electrical water bath—can be effective; however, it requires frequent use to maintain its efficacy, with infrequent, though trouble-some, side effects of paresthesias, scaling, and fissure of the skin. Patients may be placed on beta-blockers or antidepressants by some physicians, but these therapies are generally ineffective. The only oral preparation found to be effective is Robinul (glycopyrrolate), a synthetic anticholinergic, but this also causes blurred vision, dry mouth, and urinary retention as side effects. We routinely give oral sympatholytic agents to all hyperhidrosis patients. Approximately 65% of patients are well controlled on this regimen, and we reserve sympathectomy for those who fail. While botulinum toxin has been demonstrated to be an effective alternative therapy, the effects are temporary, with a median duration of 3-6 months, and thus repetitive treatments are required, which can be expensive.
Cannabinoids in hyperhidrosis
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2023
Till Kaemmerer, Benjamin Maximilian Clanner-Engelshofen, Tony Lesmeister, Lars Einar French, Markus Reinholz
Hyperhidrosis describes sweating in excess of that required for physiological thermoregulation. Over 90% of hyperhidrosis occurs idiopathically as primary hyperhidrosis or due to underlying diseases as secondary hyperhidrosis (1,2). Two types exist, a focal type affecting primarily the palmoplantar or axillary regions, and a less frequent generalized type presenting as diffuse sweating of the entire integument. The prevalence of primary hyperhidrosis varies between 3% and 5% in the USA and reaches up to 16% in other Western countries, such as 16.3% in Germany, with over 80% showing a multifocal pattern, though, cases are likely underreported (3–5). Therapies include topical aluminum chloride, oral anticholinergics, iontophoresis, botulinum toxin injection, sweat gland excision, and thoracic sympathectomy (1). Unfortunately, especially in generalized hyperhidrosis, there is often no adequate therapy available, with detrimental consequences for patient’s quality of life (6).
Antiperspirant effects and mechanism investigation of Mulisan decoction in rats based on plasma metabolomics
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Shan-Peng Ma, Wei-Ping Ma, Shi-Ning Yin, Xiang-Yue Chen, Xiao-Qing Ma, Bao-Hong Wei, Jing-Guang Lu, Hong-Bing Liu
Hyperhidrosis is a symptom characterised by a general or local phenomenon of increased sweat, mainly caused by physiology or pathology. The aetiology of pathological hyperhidrosis is complex, usually observed in some diseases such as Parkinson's disease, anxiety neurosis, and various body injuries (Ohshima and Tamada 2016; van Wamelen et al. 2019). Th1/Th2 cytokine balance has been reported to be involved in the development and treatment of hyperhidrosis. Yang (2016) pointed out that the switch from Th1 to Th2 in pregnant women could lead to the deterioration of sweat glands function related diseases such as hidradenitis and hyperhidrosis. Wang et al. (2020) found that TNF-α can inhibit the differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells into sweat gland cells, which may have a great impact on the sweating state.
When to investigate for secondary hyperhidrosis: data from a retrospective cohort of all causes of recurrent sweating
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Nived Collercandy, Camille Thorey, Elisabeth Diot, Leslie Grammatico-Guillon, Eve Marie Thillard, Louis Bernard, François Maillot, Adrien Lemaignen
In certain conditions, sweating rate can increase apart from exercise or elevated environmental temperature. Isolated, sweating out of those settings could be defined as primary hyperhidrosis, with a poorly understood pathophysiology, which may involve an autonomic pathway overstimulation exceeding thermoregulatory needs [3,4]. Hyperhidrosis is defined as excessive sweating causing negative impact on patients’ quality of life, and is thus a subjective symptom [5]. Secondary hyperhidrosis relies on an underlying condition. Excessive sweating has been reported in association with numerous diseases, including tuberculosis, lymphoma, and endocarditis, typically occurring at night, wetting clothes and bedsheets [6,7]. Sweating is often associated with fever as an appropriate response to body temperature increase, although there is not always body temperature elevation in secondary hyperhidrosis. In contrast to the more frequent focal presentation of primary hyperhidrosis, secondary hyperhidrosis is usually generalized to the whole body [5]. The proper diagnosis of secondary hyperhidrosis is crucial as life-threatening diseases can potentially be involved. Besides the consequences due to the underlying disorder, hyperhidrosis impacts quality of life by itself, notably involving psychosocial impairment [8,9].