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Nails—Brittle Nail Syndrome/Onychoschizia
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Onychoschizia, or lamellar dystrophy, is splitting of the fingernails at the tip. The nails are typically soft, thin and brittle, easily cracking, chipping, and splitting horizontally at the tip. Onychoschizia is more common in women and children.3
Nail fragility and nail beautification
Published in Robert Baran, Dimitris Rigopoulos, Chander Grover, Eckart Haneke, Nail Therapies, 2021
A biomineral formulation containing amino-acids (L-cystine, L-arginine, glutamic acid), vitamins C, E, B6, B7) and mineral (zinc, iron, and copper) proved to be well tolerated and effective in improving fingernails in subjects with onychoschizia after 3 months of treatment (Sparavigna, Tenconi, and La Penna 2019)
Trachyonychia
Published in Nilton Di Chiacchio, Antonella Tosti, Therapies for Nail Disorders, 2020
Jacob Griggs, Brandon Burroway, Antonella Tosti
In trachyonychia, any number of nails can be affected, and severity can be variable between different nails. There are two main varieties of clinical features: opaque and shiny.4 The opaque variety is considered more severe and is characterized by brittle nails that are thin and rough with longitudinal ridging, often described as having a “sandpaper-like” appearance (Figure 23.2). Onychoschizia, or nail splitting, is frequently present. The shiny variety is considered a milder presentation.1 The nails keep their luster and demonstrate many small geometric pits arranged longitudinally. The shiny variety nails are not as thin and fragile as the opaque variety. Both varieties frequently exhibit superficial scaling of the nail plate as well as hyperkeratosis of the cuticles and koilonychia (Figure 23.3).
Optimal diagnosis and management of common nail disorders
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Dermatological diseases, nutritional deficiencies and medications are associated with brittle nail syndrome (Table 1). Associated dermatological conditions include psoriasis, lichen planus, Darier’s disease and eczema. Typically, these conditions are diagnosed independently, but overlap in terms of nail fragility is frequently seen. NP is characterized by pitting of the nail plate, whereas lichen planus exhibits nail plate thinning [4,5]. Vitamin deficiencies, particularly in vitamins A–E, as well as other nutritional deficiencies in iron, zinc and selenium are contributors to brittle nails [2,7]. Drugs, including retinoids, antiretrovirals and chemotherapeutic agents are known to cause onychoschizia.
Biotin for the treatment of nail disease: what is the evidence?
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Shari R. Lipner, Richard K. Scher
Brittle nails are characterized by signs of nail plate fragility and splitting. This condition affects 20% of the population with women affected more often than men. It is not merely a cosmetic problem, as patients may have sensitivity and have problems performing daily living activities (29). Brittle nails are clinically diagnosed by onychorrhexis (longitudinal fissures) and onychoschizia (nail peeling; Figure 2) (30). Pathogenesis is likely due to faulty intercellular adhesion of corneocytes and as well as pathologic nail formation. Treatment includes avoidance of irritants, limiting water immersion, and emollients (29).
Recognizing skin conditions in patients with cirrhosis: a narrative review
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Ying Liu, Yunyu Zhao, Xu Gao, Jiashu Liu, Fanpu Ji, Yao-Chun Hsu, Zhengxiao Li, Mindie H. Nguyen
Brittle nail syndrome (Figure 2(h)) is characterized by increased fragility of the nail plate. The main clinical features are onychoschizia, onychorrhexis, superficial granulation of keratin and worn-down nail. This condition affects up to 20% of the population, especially women over 50 years of age. Brittle nails can be either inherited or acquired and are associated with systemic diseases including liver cirrhosis, drug therapy, nutritional deficiencies, trauma, infections and nail dehydration [49,50].