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Physical symptoms
Published in Aurora Lassaletta, Ruth Clarke, The Invisible Brain Injury, 2019
Aurora Lassaletta, Susana Pajares
Another effect I have noticed from the beginning, and which has been improving, is the dry mouth that my neurologists also related to the injury. I secrete less saliva, which means I have to keep drinking water constantly, because the dry mouth can even stop me from speaking. At first, this was a serious problem and I always had to keep water nearby and drink continually, as it could even cut me off mid-sentence if I didn’t drink. Now I am much better and I tend to carry a bottle of water with me, although I don’t need to drink as often. This hyposalivation increases much more if I’m nervous. For example, if I have to speak in a group for any reason, this effect increases considerably.
Oral Mucosal Reactions to Anticancer Therapies
Published in Gabriella Fabbrocini, Mario E. Lacouture, Antonella Tosti, Dermatologic Reactions to Cancer Therapies, 2019
Emmanuelle Vigarios, Vincent Sibaud
Radiotherapy may result in progressive deterioration of dental and periodontal tissues, which leads to an increased risk of caries and periodontitis. Hyposalivation also promotes the development of dental caries (“radiation caries”) (27).
Non-Neoplastic Salivary Gland Diseases
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Stephen R. Porter, Stefano Fedele, Valeria Mercadante
Whatever the mechanism, the impact of RT-associated hyposalivation upon the mouth and patient well-being can be significant. The rapid reduction in saliva gives rise to dysarthria, dysgeusia, difficult mastication and dysphagia. The inhibition of taste sensation and the impairment of chewing and swallowing can adversely impact upon a patient’s nutritional status. Patients may experience intra-oral burning sensation and an increased sensitivity to salty and spicy foods. Wearing dentures may be extremely uncomfortable due to the reduced surface tension between the dry mucosa and the prosthesis.141 Clinically the lips can become dry, desquamated and fissured, and the oral mucosa atrophic, pale and hyperemic. Patients with long-standing RT-induced xerostomia have an increased risk of caries, oral candidal infections (e.g. acute pseudomembranous candidiasis, angular cheilitis and median rhomboid glossitis) and acute suppurative sialadenitis of the parotid glands.132, 142, 143
A novel diagnostic technique of measuring labial minor salivary gland secretions using sodium fluorescein dye: Implications for patients with dry eyes
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2022
In the current study, we observed the glands near the corners of lip to have more secretion than in the central area. The study of distribution of glands over the whole lower lip rather than at predetermined sites, easy and reproducible technique, cost-effective, and no need for any special equipment are the strengths of the proposed test. This test does not rely on patient’s cooperation. Also, the ophthalmologists managing dry eye patients and performing MSG transplantation can perform this technique in their clinics easily. The better appreciation of contrast of green and blue even without quantitative analysis can help in assessing the area with maximum number of glands and with maximal secretions as well. The areas with maximal secretions can be selected as a donor site from labial mucosa. The limitations of the current study are unable to assess the quality of secretions and the role of specific gravity in diseased conditions. Unlike with the other techniques of saliva collection where it cannot be ascertained that secretions from other glands retained in the mucous gel could have been included, this technique gives real-time visualization of salivary outflow from labial MSGs. Further studies utilizing this test in various hyposalivation states, and correlation of test results with positive lip biopsy in SS patients would increase the clinical applicability of this technique.
Oral environment and taste function of Japanese HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy
Published in AIDS Care, 2020
T. Shintani, T. Fujii, N. Yamasaki, M. Kitagawa, T. Iwata, S. Saito, M. Okada, I. Ogawa, H. Unei, K. Hamamoto, M. Nakaoka, H. Kurihara, H. Shiba
The CD4+ cell count <500/mm3 group had more missing teeth, as well as bacteria, than the control group and the CD4+ cell count ≥500/mm3 group. Dental caries and periodontal disease are major causes of tooth loss (Walter, 1996). Furthermore, hyposalivation resulting from a decreased salivary flow rate is a risk factor for dental caries, periodontal diseases, and mucosal lesions (Le Gall et al., 2016). The increased bacterial number and reduced amount of saliva in the CD4+ cell count <500/mm3 group appear to be involved in the increased number of missing teeth. Recent studies have shown that there is a significant correlation between general and oral health, as well as between dental infections and medical disorders (Scannapieco, 1998), suggesting that HIV-infected patients should undergo routine oral checkups for both their general and oral health to prevent loss of teeth.
Application of camelid heavy-chain variable domains (VHHs) in prevention and treatment of bacterial and viral infections
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2018
Therapeutic effects of these VHHs on cariogenesis were further assessed in vivo. For this purpose, the clinical situation in patients with hyposalivation was simulated by a desalivated rat model. In order to establish a basis for cariogenesis, rats received a diet high in sucrose and were repeatedly infected with S. mutans NG8. After three weeks, rats were administered with a single dose of either VHH per day. Both, S36-VHH and S36-VHH-GOx, were found to decrease colonization with S. mutans and to exert an anticariogenic effect, however, not to statistically significant degrees. Furthermore, no additional therapeutic effect of GOx in the S36-VHH-GOx fusion protein was observed. Its nonappearance was believed to result from heavy plaque accumulation, partial inhibition of enzyme activity by the prevailing low pH as well as the lack of the electron acceptor oxygen within the plaque [20].