China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Systemic Diseases and the Skin
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Jana Kazandjieva, Razvigor Darlenski, Nikolai Tsankov
Definition: Hirsutism and hypertrichosis are two distinct conditions. Hirsutism is defined as the presence of excessive male pattern hair in women after puberty (Figures 29.6 and 29.7). Hypertrichosis is defined as an excessive growth in body hair beyond the normal variation compared with individuals of the same age, race, and sex.
Hair and hairy scalp
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Hypertrichosis is excessive hair all over the body. Either the foetal lanugo hair is not lost before birth or regrows at some later stage. When confined to the lumbosacral area (fawn tail), it may be a marker of an underlying spina bifida.
Geriatric hair and scalp disorders
Published in Robert A. Norman, Geriatric Dermatology, 2020
The mechanism of action of minoxidil, first formulated as an oral antihypertensive agent, on hair follicles is not clearly understood. Hypertrichosis was an unanticipated and serendipitous side-effect. Minoxidil is a vasodilator that works on vascular smooth muscle by opening potassium channels. Uno and colleagues56 have done extensive research with minoxidil on the stump-tailed macaque, a primate which has long served as the primary animal model for androgenetic alopecia. They observed early on that minoxidil both grossly and microscopically enlarges vellus follicles to the size of mid-sized and terminal follicles (regrowth) and maintains terminal follicles in prebalding scalps (prevention). The earlier treatment was instituted the better the response of therapy. They further showed that minoxidil enhances DNA synthesis in follicular but not epidermal keratinocytes56. It causes proliferation and differentiation of the matrix cells in the hair bulb57.
Safety concerns when using novel medications to treat alopecia
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2018
Hind M. Almohanna, Marina Perper, Antonella Tosti
In a retrospective review, Perera E and Sinclair R evaluated the use of low dose oral minoxidil in women diagnosed with CTE. They included 36 women with a hair shedding score of 4–6 (HSS) without visible mid frontal scalp hair loss and no miniaturization of the hair follicle on scalp biopsy. The oral minoxidil dose varied between 0.25 and 2.5 mg, with most women being administered 1 mg daily. There was a decrease in mean HSS scores from baseline to 6 months of 1.7 and a decline in mean HSS scores from baseline to 12 months of 2.58. Two patients developed transient postural dizziness that resolved with continued treatment. One woman developed ankle edema. Fourteen patients developed facial hypertrichosis. Five patients described trichodynia at baseline and all experienced improvement within 3 months [60].
Laser-assisted hair removal for facial hirsutism in women: A review of evidence
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2018
Darker skin photo-types (IV–VI) are associated with higher incidence of adverse effects by long pulse ruby laser (18). First, a higher density of epidermal melanin intercepts laser beam by absorption, to promote unwanted epidermal heating and resultant injury. This could be blistering with the consequences of hypo and hyperpigmentation. Darker skin types thus promotes a higher attenuation of effective fluence by the unwanted absorption in the path of laser beam. Second, the incidence of paradoxical hypertrichosis after laser hair removal appears to be higher amongst individuals with darker skin photo-types in a single center, retrospective study of 489 cases. By comparing clinical photographs before and after a various number of laser treatment with alexandrite laser, three patients were selected for cases of hypertrichosis without any other known cause (19). These cases were compared with 50 randomly selected patients used as the control. The treatment settings, age, gender, and the number of sessions received before the onset of increased hair growth were un-standardized. Subsequent reports of paradoxical hypertrichosis failed to identify a plausible pathogenesis but an association with darker skin types (III–IV) and underlying hormonal conditions such as PCOS is seen (20).
The Beneficial Effect on Pigmentation Using Laser Epilation as an Initial Treatment Approach for Becker’s Nevus in Asian Skin
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2021
Young-Jun Choi, Sunmin Yim, Gyoo Huh, Ga-Young Lee, Won-Serk Kim
We treated subjects using conventional hair removal cooling systems (a contact cooling for the LPNY and a DCD for the LP-Alex). Choi et al. previously reported the clinical results of a 755-nm LP-Alex to reduce BN pigmentation without the use of a DCD. They found that, of the 11 subjects, seven (63.6%) achieved greater than 50% pigment clearance. This laser device used without cooling results in deep hair follicle melanocyte destruction and injury to the basal layer of the epidermis, thereby reducing BN pigmentation by destroying epidermal melanin (6). This is why laser hair removal alone, as an initial therapy for BN, could not only reduce hypertrichosis but also lessen the pigmentation of BN lesions as an additional benefit in our study (16).