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Biotransformation of Monoterpenoids by Microorganisms, Insects, and Mammals
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Yoshiaki Noma, Yoshinori Asakawa
One of the publications dealing with the bioconversion of myrcene (Busmann and Berger, 1994) described its transformation to a variety of oxygenated metabolites, with Ganoderma applanatum, Pleurotus flabellatus, and Pleurotus sajor-caju possessing the highest transformation activities. One of the main metabolites was myrcenol (305) (2-methyl-6-methylene-7-octen-2-ol), which gives a fresh, flowery impression and dominates the sensory impact of the mixture (see Figure 22.1).
Evaluation of the protective effects of Ganoderma applanatum against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) bearing mice
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
C. Lalmuansangi, Mary Zosangzuali, Marina Lalremruati, Lalchhandami Tochhawng, Zothan Siama
Bioactive compounds derived from natural sources have been shown to prevent DOX-mediated toxicity by their free radical scavenging activities (Al-Harthi et al. 2014, Hamza et al. 2016). In this study, we explored the ability of the medicinal fungus Ganoderma applanatum in providing protective functions against DOX-induced toxicity. Among the large resources of fungi, higher Basidiomycetes especially mushrooms have been demonstrated to possess unlimited sources of therapeutically useful bioactive agents (Mizuno 1995, Wasser 2002). Ganoderma applanatum is a very common perennial bracket fungus, belonging to the family of Ganodermataceae. Traditional uses of G. applanatum have been documented in China and other East Asian countries (Bao et al. 2002). The fruiting body and mycelia of G. applanatum have been shown to contain useful bioactive compounds with potent anti-viral (Rym et al. 1999), anti-bacterial (Smania et al.1999), anti-cancer (Jieqiong et al. 2011, Hakkim et al.2016) and anti-fibrotic (Luo et al. 2015) properties. In this study, we explored the ability of the medicinal fungus G. applanatum in providing protective functions against DOX-induced toxicity. DOX-induced toxicity is often associated with increased levels of ROS (Wu and Kang 1998, Wang and Kang 1999). Approach to attain redox homeostasis may pose as an effective strategy to enhance the clinical utility of doxorubicin. We therefore speculated that this fungus may have protective functions on DOX-induced toxicity. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the chemoprotective effects of G. applanatum against doxorubicin induced cardio- and hepatotoxicity in Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) bearing mice. Since DOX is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent to treat various types of cancer including leukemia, lymphomas and solid tumors (Tan et al. 1967, Minotti et al. 2004), Swiss albino mice bearing DLA serves as an excellent in vivo model for studying DOX-induced toxicity. The toxic side effects of DOX and the preventive functions of G. applanatum were assessed from serum enzymes. Moreover, phytochemical constituents and free radical scavenging activities of G. applanatum were also determined.