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Diseases of the Peripheral Nerve and Mononeuropathies
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Diana Mnatsakanova, Charles K. Abrams
Deformities of the elbow joint: Tardy ulnar palsy: deformities of the elbow due to previous fractures of the humerus or other trauma to the joint.Compression by the arcade of Struthers.Arthritis.Ganglion cyst.Rheumatoid synovial cyst.
Paper 4
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
Ganglion cysts are benign bone lesions containing mucous material. They can be intra-articular, extra-articular, intra-osseous and periosteal. They are most common around the wrist and hand. Internal septations may or may not be present. MRI features are T1 low to intermediate signal, T2 high signal and high signal on protein density sequences. Periosteal new bone formation is a feature of periosteal ganglia rather than an intraosseous ganglion cyst.
Arthroscopic inferior transverse scapular ligament release at the spinoglenoid notch and ganglion cyst decompression using the extra-articular Plancher portal
Published in Andreas B. Imhoff, Jonathan B. Ticker, Augustus D. Mazzocca, Andreas Voss, Atlas of Advanced Shoulder Arthroscopy, 2017
Stephanie C. Petterson, Joseph M. Ajdinovich, Kevin D. Plancher
Abnormal signal intensity within the infraspinatus muscle can indicate suprascapular nerve compression at the spinoglenoid notch. Some patients will demonstrate increased signal intensity on T2 fast spin echo, with fat saturation with a normal muscle mass implying subacute denervation of the nerve caused by neurogenic edema. Chronic denervation will be best appreciated on T1 spin echo sequences, with increased signal intensity within the muscle mass indicating muscle atrophy with fatty infiltration (Figure 41.7). Newer modalities such as ultrasound may also be helpful to identify ganglion cysts as well as to aid visualization during an ultrasound-guided aspiration of the ganglion cyst.
Bilateral peroneal nerve palsy secondary to prolonged sitting in an adolescent patient
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2022
Şükran Güzel, Selin Ozen, Sacide Nur Coşar
External nerve compression is the most common mechanism of peroneal palsy reported in children [1,6]. In one case series, 10 of 17 cases were related to external nerve compression due to casting, traction, taping and strapping. All but one of these cases were unilateral [4]. Positional habitudes can also cause PNP, including sitting cross legged, squatting and lying [7]. Simultaneous compression by a bed or chair, as in this case, may cause bilateral nerve palsies. Likewise, the slim body habitus of the patient may have been a predisposing factor for the development of PNP [2]. Peroneal palsies arising from trauma or nerve entrapment are less common in childhood; bony exostoses, hemangiomas, synovial cysts and intraneural ganglion cysts may cause nerve entrapment [8,9]. An intraneural ganglion cyst is a rare disease of adulthood, and is even rarer in children. Typically, neural cysts present with symptoms of knee or proximal leg pain. A history of knee trauma and examination findings of a palpable mass in the lateral aspect of the knee are common. Tinel’s sign may be elicited in the same region [10]. In the present case, as there was bilateral peroneal nerve involvement, no history of trauma, no palpable mass in the lower extremity, nor tenderness, and a negative Tinel’s test, a differential diagnosis of inraneural ganglion cyst was excluded. As a result, no further imaging was deemed necessary to rule out a diagnosis of an intraneural ganglion cyst.
An unexpected tumour of the finger: review and management
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2019
N. Jumper, E. Caffrey, N. McInerney
One month following referral, the patient underwent excision biopsy of the lesion which was not found to be communicating with bone, nerve or tendon and the intra-operative impression was that of a ganglion cyst (Figure 2). The initial histopathology examination reported a circumscribed multinodular predominantly solid tumour (Figure 3(a,b)) ulcerating the overlying epidermis. There were focal papillary projections with tubular/ductal structures (Figure 3(c)) where ducts were lined by a double layer of epithelium consisting of inner cuboidal cells and an outer myoepithelial layer (Figure 3(d,e,f,g)). There was also evidence of lymphovascular invasion (Figure 3(h,i)), focally high mitotic activity (Figure 3(j)) and the tumour was shown to abut the margins. Immunohistochemistry was performed (Table 1) confirming a myoepithelial cell population expressing smooth muscle actin, calponin, D2-40 (Figure 3(i)) and p63 (Figure 3(f)). The tumour was classified as digital papillary adenocarcinoma. The histopathology sections were sent to an external institution for expert opinion and the diagnosis affirmed with recommendation of complete excision and close follow-up. This recommendation was echoed when the case was discussed at the local multi-disciplinary meeting.
A fluid-structure interaction investigation of intra-articular pressure and ligament in wrist joint
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Joachim Ee En Ong, Shi Lei Teng, Duncan Angus McGrouther, Hwa Liang Leo, Yoke Rung Wong
Biomechanical factors and mechanical stresses are known to be the main causes of degenerative joint diseases (Buckwalter et al. 2013; Guilak 2011). While the ganglion cysts formation remains unclear, theories presented thus far include herniation of the joint capsule and also repetitive injury to surrounding capsular and ligamentous structures (Gude and Morelli 2008; Gregush and Habusta 2022).