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Basic Thermal Physiology: What Processes Lead to the Temperature Distribution on the Skin Surface
Published in Kurt Ammer, Francis Ring, The Thermal Human Body, 2019
The thermoregulatory response is the main, but not the only cause of sweat production. Many diseases are associated with sweating and may lead to generalized, regional or focal hyperhidrosis due to increased sweat gland activity [77] (Table 3.14). The thermoregulatory function is rarely compromised in pathological sweating.
Botulinum toxin in the management of focal hyperhidrosis
Published in Anthony V. Benedetto, Botulinum Toxins in Clinical Aesthetic Practice, 2017
David M. Pariser, DeeAnna Glaser
This chapter will focus on primary focal hyperhidrosis henceforth identified simply as hyperhidrosis (HH). The prevalence of HH is reported to be 2.8% although it may be higher. It most commonly presents in the second or third decade of life and a family history has been reported in 30%–50% of patients.13 The prevalence is similar for men and women, although interestingly, women are more likely to seek evaluation and treatment.11 Patients may sweat on a continuous basis throughout the day, but more commonly, there are episodes of profuse sweating with a sudden onset. Trigger factors include emotional stress, stress at work or in the public, higher environmental temperatures, and stimulants such as caffeine and exercise. However, patients also often have episodes of HH without a known initiating factor or trigger when they are cool, comfortable, and calm.
Principles of Clinical Diagnosis
Published in Susan Bayliss Mallory, Alanna Bree, Peggy Chern, Illustrated Manual of Pediatric Dermatology, 2005
Susan Bayliss Mallory, Alanna Bree, Peggy Chern
Major pointsSweating beyond what is necessary to maintain thermal regulationMay be primary (idiopathic, essential) or secondary to diseases or drugsMay be localized, regionalized or generalizedFrequently socially embarrassing and occupationally disablingGeneralized hyperhidrosis caused by febrile illnesses, neoplastic disease, neurologic diseases, metabolic disorders and drugsLocalized hyperhidrosis includes primary or focal hyperhidrosis, unilateral circumscribed, intrathoracic neoplasms, olfactory hyperhidrosis, gustatory hyperhidrosis, spinal cord injuries, Frey syndrome and others
When to investigate for secondary hyperhidrosis: data from a retrospective cohort of all causes of recurrent sweating
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Nived Collercandy, Camille Thorey, Elisabeth Diot, Leslie Grammatico-Guillon, Eve Marie Thillard, Louis Bernard, François Maillot, Adrien Lemaignen
Several reviews detailed available therapeutic options for hyperhidrosis [19–21]. Treatment of secondary hyperhidrosis relies on the treatment of the underlying diseases. In some cases, if treatment is ineffective, unavailable, or if the symptoms are poorly tolerated, generalized hyperhidrosis could be treated using oral or transcutaneous anticholinergic drugs. Their use is however limited by their numerous adverse effects and contra-indications, especially in the elderly. Other oral alternatives include beta-blockers, clonidine, indomethacin, and calcium channel blockers, but with limited data. None have been formally approved in this indication by drug agencies. Options for the treatment of focal hyperhidrosis consist of topical antiperspirants, iontophoresis, botulinum toxin injections, and local surgical procedures including sympathectomy.
Sofpironium bromide: an investigational agent for the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2022
Stamatios Gregoriou, Aikaterini Tsiogka, George Kontochristopoulos, Annamaria Offidani, Anna Campanati
The SB gel formulation is approved in Japan to be applied once daily. This along with the popularity of the non-greasy gel formulation is expected to increase compliance. Despite the novel mechanism of action, systemic anticholinergic adverse events may occur and this along with the high incidence of application site reactions and the temporary and transient control of axillary hyperhidrosis should be taken into account when managing patients with this agent Device-based treatments such as microwave thermolysis or endoscopic surgical methods such as sympathetic ablation offer more permanent results. However, guidelines suggest that they should be used in severe focal hyperhidrosis, and only after failure of conservative interventions.
A retrospective analysis of the use of tap water iontophoresis for focal hyperhidrosis at a district general hospital: the patients’ perspective
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2019
C. E. Gollins, A. Carpenter, C. Steen, H. Bulinski, R. Mahendran
Focal hyperhidrosis (palmar, plantar and axillary) is a condition of excessive focal sweat production, beyond that necessary to regulate thermal homeostasis. There are various treatment modalities available, including aluminum antiperspirants and Botox injections. Iontophoresis is recommended as a second-line therapy for palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (1,2).