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Skin infections
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
Shankila Mittal, Rashmi Sarkar
The species causing dermatophytic infection can be classified as:Anthropophilic – e.g., Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. Interdigitale, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton schoenleinii, Trichophyton soudanense, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton violaceum, etc.Zoophilic – Microsporum canis (dogs, cats), T. verrucosum (cattle) and T. equinum (horses).Geophilic – Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum praecox
Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Luliconazole is an azole and dichlorobenzene antifungal agent. Its mechanism of action is as a cytochrome P450 2C19 inhibitor, altering the synthesis of fungal cell membranes. Luliconazole is indicated for the topical treatment of fungal infections caused by Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum, specifically tinea pedis, cruris, and corporis.
Aetiology and Laboratory Diagnosis
Published in Raimo E Suhonen, Rodney P R Dawber, David H Ellis, Fungal Infections of the Skin, Hair and Nails, 2020
Raimo E Suhonen, Rodney P R Dawber, David H Ellis
Epidermophyton floccosum is an anthropophilic dermatophyte with a worldwide distribution that often causes tinea pedis, tinea cruris and tinea corporis. Key features include characteristic greenish-brown or khaki-coloured cultures, the production of smooth, thin-walled, club-shaped macroconidia and the absence of microconidia (Figure 1.1(a) and (b)).
The antifungal pipeline for invasive fungal diseases: what does the future hold?
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Chin Fen Neoh, Wirawan Jeong, David CM Kong, Monica A Slavin
Olorofim has potent in vitro activity against Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii (Figure 2) and was shown to be efficacious in murine model of cerebral coccidioidomycosis infected by C. immitis [89]. It also exhibited good in vitro activity against other fungi including Rasamsonia argillacea species complex, Metarrhizium anisopliae, Pleurostomophora richardsiae, Talaromyces marneffei, Sarocladium kiliense, Penicillium spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Ramularia spp., Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. and Madurella mycetomatis, but has marginal activity against Phialemonium curvatum and Phaeoacremonium parasiticum [64,73,84,90–96].
Efinaconazole topical solution (10%) for the treatment of onychomycosis in adult and pediatric patients
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Tracey C. Vlahovic, Aditya K. Gupta
Onychomycosis, a fungal infection of the nail bed or plate, is a common nail disorder that affects approximately 10% of the general population [1]. Typically caused by the dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum [2], clinical signs of infection include thickening of the nail plate, discoloration of the nail, and separation of the nail plate from the bed [3,4]. Toenail onychomycosis can result in discomfort, interference with walking and wearing shoes, and deformity [5], and can also negatively impact the quality of life [4]. If left untreated, onychomycosis can increase the risk of secondary fungal or bacterial infections [6]. Risk factors for onychomycosis include diabetes, age, peripheral vascular disease, and immunosuppression [4,7].
Diagnostics and management approaches for Acanthamoeba keratitis
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2020
Nóra Szentmáry, Lei Shi, Loay Daas, Berthold Seitz
Miconazol (C18H14Cl4N2O) is an antifungal synthetic derivative of imidazole. It is used in the treatment of candidal skin and vaginal infections and selectively affects the integrity of fungal cell membranes. Miconazole is high in ergosterol content, differs in composition from mammalian cell membranes, and can only be found in individuals who used or took this drug. As an imidazole antifungal agent, it is applied topically or given by intravenous infusion and interacts with 14-α demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme, which is necessary to convert lanosterol to ergosterol. Within the fungal cell membrane, ergosterol is a vital component, and the inhibition of its synthesis results in increased cellular permeability which ultimately causes leakage of cellular contents. Miconazole may also inhibit endogenous respiration, interact with membrane phospholipids, inhibit the transformation of yeasts to mycelial forms, inhibit purine uptake, and impair triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis. The indications for use are topical application in the treatment of tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum, in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis (moniliasis) and in the treatment of tinea versicolor.