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Congenital Disorders of the Neck
Published in Raymond W Clarke, Diseases of the Ear, Nose & Throat in Children, 2023
Treatment is surgical, for aesthetic reasons but not least to confirm the diagnosis. A simple cystectomy is adequate but, as the distinction between a dermoid and a thyroglossal cyst is not always made preoperatively, many children will have the more extensive ‘Sistrunk’s’ procedure. Dermoid cysts can present in other sites, notably the dorsum of the nose (see Chapter 17).
Nasal Obstruction
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Dermoid cysts Most common midline mass over nasal dorsum; associated with pit and hair at its opening.Early surgical excision recommended to avoid infection or further expansion.4–45% have intracranial component, so preoperative CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are required.
Ultrasound-Guided Intervention in Assisted Reproductive Technology
Published in Arianna D'Angelo, Nazar N. Amso, Ultrasound in Assisted Reproduction and Early Pregnancy, 2020
The presence of a dermoid cyst does not seem to affect AMH levels [48] or the number of oocytes retrieved [49]. Also, there is evidence to suggest that dermoid cysts less than 6 cm can be followed up with minimal risks [50]; it is therefore reasonable to defer surgical removal of the cyst until after IVF treatment.
Orbital and periorbital dermoid cysts: a retrospective analysis of 270 lesions
Published in Orbit, 2022
Diana H. Kim, Daphna Landau Prat, Samuel Tadros, William R. Katowitz
Observation of dermoid cysts may be favored in certain small, asymptomatic cases but incurs the risk of fistula formation, cellulitis, and rarely, malignant transformation in the future.6,7 The mainstay of treatment is surgical, which involves dissection around the lesion followed by excision. Surgical expertise is required to maintain the cystic wall integrity (cystic contents are markedly pro-inflammatory), while removing all residual epithelium (which may result in recurrence). The lipid and keratin content of dermoid cysts, even without rupture, are known to induce a significant inflammation in the cyst wall and the surrounding tissues, leading to adhesions.8 In a study by Pushker et al., early removal of all dermoid cysts was recommended given the presence of inflammatory cells in 25% of cases and bony changes seen in a majority of the cases.9
Intraspinal dermoid and epidermoid cysts: Long-term outcome and risk factors
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2020
Xin Wang, Jun Gao, Tianyu Wang, Zhimin Li, Yongning Li
Dermoid and epidermoid cysts are congenital tumors that develop from the ectopic growth of remaining embryonic cells, which also consist of lipomas, enterogenous cysts, teratomas, arachnoid cysts, and so on. The incidence of intraspinal dermoid and epidermoid cysts is less than 1.1%.1,2 These cysts originate from ectodermal tissue that remains in the neural tube after 3–4 weeks of embryonic development and the tumor is most common in the lumbosacral region due to the late closure of the tail. However, these cysts occasionally present in the thoracic and cervical segments, and these can be extramedullary or intramedullary. Interestingly, lumbar puncture can also lead to the iatrogenic occurrence of the disease.2,3 Both dermoid and epidermoid cysts have epithelial and epidermoid components, but dermoid cysts also include dermis and skin attachments such as hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
A superficial nasal dermoid cyst excised through a novel horizontal zig-zag incision in a 49-year-old man
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2020
Jeremy Wales, Babak Alinasab, Ola Fridman-Bengtsson
A dermoid cyst is classically described as a cyst that is lined with stratified squamous epithelium and may contain normal constituents of the epithelium, including hair and sebaceous glands [7]. There are currently two theories to explain the pathogenesis of NDCs, the prenansal space theory and the cutaneous theory, as discussed by Moses et al. [2]. The prenasal space theory, as originally proposed by Pratt in 1965 [8], suggests that failure of obliteration of the prenasal space, in front of the nasal cartilage, during development is responsible. This allows a fetal dural diverticulum to form that is in contact with the skin, resulting in a dermal cyst with intracranial extension. However, a competing theory, the cutaneous theory, has been described. This relies on the fact that the nasal capsule has an outer layer of skin and an inner mucous membrane. The skin dissociates from the cartilage at 3 months as the bony nasal structure ossifies. Ectodermal fragments may remain attached to the cartilage resulting in a dermoid cyst.