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Introduction
Published in Scott M. Jackson, Skin Disease and the History of Dermatology, 2023
Given its external placement, the skin is the most vulnerable organ in the human body—vulnerable to disease as well as injury. Diseases of the skin, i.e., itching, infestations, infections, rashes, and tumors, are extremely common, with over 2000 different diseases affecting the skin, hair, or nails. More than 85 million Americans sought medical attention for a skin problem in 2013—a third of these cases were managed by a dermatologist. In modern dermatology clinics, the most common reasons for visits are acne, sun damage and skin cancer checks, benign growths, moles, itching, dry skin, eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis, skin infections, rosacea, drug eruptions, ulcers, seborrheic dermatitis, vitiligo, hives, wounds, and disorders of the hairs and nails. The demand for dermatologic care in the United States is extraordinary. A person with an unsightly and/or itchy rash or skin lesion is more likely to seek medical attention than one with elevated blood pressure; the difference is in the patient's awareness of the problem and the social stigma assigned to skin disease. These diseases have a tremendous capacity to affect a person's quality of life, not just from the standpoint of physical discomfort, but also from a psychological or social standpoint. Some skin diseases can be fatal, like melanoma or toxic epidermal necrolysis, the latter of which kills up to 50 percent of persons afflicted.
Viral Infections
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Definition: Viral infections encompass a wide variety of conditions. Such dermatologic manifestations can be caused by either the direct infection of the skin or the body’s reaction to a viral infection. It is important to recognize the clinical characteristics and appropriate treatments.
Skin diseases of the elderly
Published in Robert A. Norman, Geriatric Dermatology, 2020
Eczematous dermatitis is one of the most frequent dermatologic problems6. It can be complicating asteatosis (Figure 2), nummular eczema (Figure 3), acute contact irritant dermatitis (Figure 4), infectious eczematoid dermatitis (Figure 5), stasis eczema and a psychogenic dermatosis induced by rubbing or mechanical friction. Nummular eczema consists of extremely pruritic well-marginated, vesiculated ‘weeping’ plaques which crust and develop scales (Figure 3). It can be acute or subacute. The eruption can be widespread but favors the extremities. The skin tends to be dry and not infrequently associated with atopy. Because of the discoid nature of the lesions the condition must be differentiated from psoriasis and tinea corporis.
A retrospective study to describe the clinical pattern of dermatologic lesions from the pediatric emergency department: our experience from a tertiary care hospital in Turkey
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2023
Özlem Çolak, Okşan Derinöz Güleryüz, Yasemin Men Atmaca, Burcu Şenkalfa, Ayla Akca Caglar, Songül Tomar Güneysu
In a study by Cortelazzo et al., allergic/inflammatory rashes were defined as the most common dermatologic lesions at 50.1%, and the most common diagnosis was reported as urticaria at 20%. In the same study, when the most common diagnoses were separated according to age, dermatitis was found to be the most common, with 38.1% of patients being aged under 1 year, and urticaria was the most common in all patients aged over 1 year [7]. In our study, urticaria was diagnosed in approximately one-third of all age groups. The most common diagnoses in patients aged under 1 year were urticaria in about 1 in 4 and viral rash in 1 in 5. The reason for this difference may be related to the evaluation of patients with dermatitis in outpatient clinic conditions because our institution’s general pediatric outpatient clinic examinations are held without an appointment.
Assessment of topical steroid phobia in dermatology patients, a cross-sectional study from an urban area of Pakistan
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Sadia Masood, Palwasha Jalil, Safia Awan, Unzela Ghulam, Sabeika Raza Kerawala
Dermatology is a unique clinical field where most of the diseases are directly visualized and the same goes for most of the treatments, which is applied directly on the target organ that is "skin". Corticosteroids are the most commonly used medicine within the domain of dermatology. They have anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and anti-mitogenic properties which make them a preferred drug for many dermatological conditions1. The skin diseases treated by topical corticosteroids (TCS) ranges from a mild inflammatory patch to a more advanced form of conditions like eczemas, psoriasis, blistering disorders, or even skin emergencies such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome2. Topical corticosteroid has been well known as a magic drug, despite having its own merits and demerits. It is safe and effective when used judicially as per instructions and has very few side effects. However, inappropriate use of the same medicine can lead to disastrous effects. It is an easily available, over the counter drug, especially in the lower middle-income countries. It has raised the instance of steroid misuse leading to serious local and systemic adverse effects3. The problem raised not only due to easy availability and self-medication practices but also due to lack of proper specialist services and increasing practice of TCS by non-dermatologists.4
An overview of benvitimod for the treatment of psoriasis: a narrative review
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
Sarah T Lu, Katherine A Kelly, Steven R Feldman
Psoriasis is an inflammatory dermatologic condition caused by an abnormal immune response that has a substantial impact on the lives of patients and their caregivers. The treatment for psoriasis is multifactorial, and topical agents including TCS are first line treatment [28–30]. There have been few new nonsteroidal topical therapies approved for psoriasis over the past decade[9]. Benvitimod activates the AhR, downregulating proinflammatory cytokines, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and normalizing the skin barrier[4]. Benvitimod appears to be well tolerated and efficacious for mild to severe plaque psoriasis. Patients treated with benvitimod have improvements in PGA, PASI, and BSA. [9–12,14,31] Benvitimod users also have greater improvements in Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) scores compared to vehicle users at both short and long term endpoints[32]. Common adverse effects of benvitimod include headache, folliculitis, and contact dermatitis [32,33]. A limitation of our review involves the small number of published trials including benvitimod, as well as the lack of real life experiences using the drug. However, the promising outcomes from phase 2b clinical trials have led to progression to phase 3 clinical trials, which will provide us with further evidence of the efficacy and safety profile of this medication[4]. Future reviews will help deduce the drug’s application for use in plaque psoriasis.