China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Hair and nail disorders
Published in Aimilios Lallas, Enzo Errichetti, Dimitrios Ioannides, Dermoscopy in General Dermatology, 2018
Arshdeep, Mathapati Shivamurthy Sukesh, Prashant Agarwal, Deepak Jakhar, Sidharth Sonthalia
Trichoscopy is helpful in differential diagnosis of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia and alopecia areata, which otherwise clinically poses a diagnostic dilemma in African-American women.17 Peripilar white-gray halo, corresponding to lamellar perifollicular fibrosis, is a typical trichoscopic feature in central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (Figure 19.29).18
Management of acquired primary cicatricial alopecia
Published in Pierre Bouhanna, Eric Bouhanna, The Alopecias, 2015
Salvador Villablanca, Juan Ferrando
The follicular degeneration syndrome was initially described in African American women who used hot combs to straighten their hair, and was then regarded as a form of traumatic alopecia. The clinical term of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) has been set to include cases that occur in white individuals with a similar pattern of alopecia characterized by a central alopecia patch with centrifugal extension. CCCA commonly affects middle-age black women, starting as a central cicatricial alopecia over the vertex, which gradually spreads outward in a centrifugal direction (Figure 11.11).10,35 Histopathologically it is considered characteristic of this entity of perifollicular chronic inflammation, concentric lamellar fibroplasias with eccentric epithelial atrophy (more marked in isthmus and infundibulum). Premature desquamation of the internal follicular sheath (although this is not a consistent or specific finding of this entity) and eventual destruction of the follicular epithelium, with acute and chronic perifollicular inflammation are noted, but sparse and peri-eccrine infiltrates are absent. Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia is characterized by preservation of the elastic sheath surrounding the fibrous tracts. Dyskeratosis is absent, and pigment incontinence is minimal. Epidermal and dermal mucins are absent. The differential diagnosis includes androgenetic alopecia and trichotillomania.35
A comprehensive review of platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of dermatologic disorders
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2023
Jessica N. Pixley, Madison K. Cook, Rohan Singh, Jorge Larrondo, Amy J. McMichael
Cicatricial alopecia comprises a group of disorders in which peribulbar lymphocytic inflammation leads to destruction of the hair follicle and replacement by fibrous tissue that prevents hair regrowth (20). One multicenter study found the scarring alopecias together comprise approximately 26.8% of total alopecias, of which the most common was frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) with a prevalence of 40.1% of cicatricial alopecias (21,22). Treatment of scarring alopecia is challenging, with treatments utilized including oral finasteride, dutasteride, topical, intralesional, and systemic steroids, minoxidil, topical tacrolimus, and oral hydroxychloroquine. Several subtypes including central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA), lichen planopilaris (LPP), and FFA have been successfully treated with PRP, although current literature is limited to a few case reports. Of the four case reports available, 2 described a subjective improvement in hair density, 1 described improved perifollicular erythema and scaling, and the last described complete regression of scalp erythema and scaling (Table 1).
The use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of alopecia
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2020
Margit L. W. Juhász, Natasha Atanaskova Mesinkovska
There is growing interest in the AA cytokine profile, with hopes of discovering and developing novel drug targets. AA patients have an increase in PDE4, making it a molecule of interest. AA PDE4 is decreased after IL-12/IL-23 antagonism using ustekinumab (30). In mouse models, PDE5-inhibition using sildenafil upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor, both of which play a role in hair growth, as well as increasing phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) thus accelerating anagen follicle induction (31). Interestingly, apremilast is also being studied in clinical trials for the treatment of frontal fibrosing alopecia (NCT03422640) and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (NCT03521687) with the hopes that PDE4 inhibition will decrease scalp inflammation in these scarring alopecia conditions (32,33).
Symptomatic hypercalcemia and scarring alopecia as presenting features of sarcoidosis
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2018
Jillian Frieder, Dario Kivelevitch, Alan Menter
Sarcoidosis of the scalp can present with variable morphologies, including scarring and nonscarring alopecia, indurated plaques, and nodules. Areas of hair loss can be localized or diffuse with associated infiltrated borders, atrophy, erythema, and scaling. The differential diagnosis includes lichen planopilaris, discoid lupus erythematosus, and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. The diagnosis is best supported by the presence of noncaseating granulomas on biopsy with appropriate clinical and radiologic findings.5 The prevalence of scalp lesions appears to be highest in African American women. Concomitant systemic disease, especially of the lungs and lymph nodes, is common.6